Aromatic Chemistry and Amines | AQA A-Level Chemistry (7405)
Aromatic Chemistry and Amines
- 84 questions
- 7 subtopics
- Organic chemistry, examined on Paper 2
- Paper 2 and Paper 3
Aromatic chemistry and amines is examined on Papers 2 and 3.
It explains the delocalised structure of benzene and the evidence for it, the two electrophilic substitution mechanisms, then the preparation, base strength and nucleophilic reactions of amines.
Sample questions from Aromatic Chemistry and Amines
Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.
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Bonding and Stability of Benzene
What effect does the delocalisation of electrons have on the stability of benzene?
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It makes benzene more stable -
Bonding and Stability of Benzene
How does the enthalpy of hydrogenation of benzene compare to the expected value for cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene?
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The enthalpy of hydrogenation of benzene is less exothermic than expected for cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene, indicating benzene is more stable -
Electrophilic Substitution: Nitration
Write the equation for the generation of the nitronium ion from the nitrating mixture.
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HNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → NO₂⁺ + HSO₄⁻ + H₂O -
Electrophilic Substitution: Nitration
State two important applications of nitration reactions in synthesis.
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Making explosives, and producing amines -
Electrophilic Substitution: Friedel-Crafts Acylation
In the mechanism of Friedel-Crafts acylation, what is the function of the AlCl₃ catalyst?
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It generates the electrophile (the acylium cation) -
Electrophilic Substitution: Friedel-Crafts Acylation
Why does substitution occur rather than addition when benzene undergoes Friedel-Crafts acylation?
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Substitution preserves the delocalised π system and the extra stability of the benzene ring, whereas addition would destroy it -
Preparation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines
What functional group is present in nitriles that is converted during reduction to form an amine?
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The C≡N triple bond (cyano group) -
Preparation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines
What is the product when a nitro compound attached to a benzene ring is reduced?
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An aromatic amine (primary amine attached to a benzene ring)
The 7 subtopics
One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.
| Subtopic | What it covers | Questions |
|---|---|---|
| Bonding and Stability of Benzene | The delocalised ring, the evidence from bond lengths and hydrogenation enthalpies, and why benzene resists addition. | 9 |
| Electrophilic Substitution: Nitration | Generating the nitronium ion, the mechanism, and why nitration matters industrially. | 10 |
| Electrophilic Substitution: Friedel-Crafts Acylation | The role of the aluminium chloride catalyst, the mechanism, and regenerating the catalyst. | 9 |
| Preparation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines | Making primary amines from halogenoalkanes and from nitriles, and aromatic amines by reducing nitrobenzene. | 11 |
| Base Strength of Amines | Comparing primary aliphatic, aromatic and ammonia, and explaining the order from electron density. | 11 |
| Amines as Nucleophiles, and Quaternary Ammonium Salts | The lone pair on nitrogen, further substitution to secondary and tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium salts as cationic surfactants. | 17 |
| Amines with Acyl Chlorides and Acid Anhydrides | Forming substituted amides, and the equations for each reagent. | 17 |
How the guide is worked
Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.
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Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
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Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
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Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.
Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.
Nearby topics
AQA A-Level Chemistry Active Recall Guide
Every topic, not just this one. 2,442 questions with their answers.