The design, ontological and cosmological arguments, and the criticisms of Hume, Gaunilo and Kant. Sat by everyone as part of Component 1.

• Paley's Watch and the Design Argument8
• Hume's Criticisms of Design13
• Anselm's Ontological Argument10
• Gaunilo and the Reply to Anselm11
• Aquinas's Third Way9
• Hume on Necessary Being14

The logical and evidential problems of evil, the inconsistent triad, and the theodicies offered in reply including Augustine, Irenaeus and process thought.

• The Problem of Evil18
• Process Theodicy15

Whether talk of God is cognitive or non-cognitive, the verification and falsification challenges, and the responses of analogy, symbol and language games.

• Cognitive Language and the Verification Principle15
• Tillich, Aquinas and Analogy20

The soul, body and mind, dualist and materialist accounts, personal identity, and what each implies for surviving death.

• Descartes, the Soul and Radical Doubt13
• Personal Identity and Survival10

Visions, mystical experience and conversion, the principles of credulity and testimony, and the scientific challenges to taking such experiences at face value.

• Corporeal, Imaginative and Intellectual Visions19
• The Marks of Mystical Experience13
• Credulity, Testimony and Swinburne9
• Scientific Challenges to Religious Experience12
• The Value of Religious Experience for Faith12

Realist and anti-realist accounts of miracle, the violation definition, and the contrasting arguments of Hume and Maurice Wiles.

• Realist and Anti-Realist Views of Miracle17
• Hume and Wiles on Miracles17

Natural moral law, situation ethics and virtue ethics, their foundations, their working principles and the criticisms each attracts.

• Natural Moral Law and Its Precepts16
• Fletcher's Situation Ethics20
• Applying the Three Theories9
• Strengths and Weaknesses of Natural Moral Law12

Embryo research, cloning, designer babies, abortion, euthanasia and capital punishment, judged by each of the three normative theories.

• Embryo Research and Cloning20
• Capital Punishment and the Three Theories20
• The Limits of Natural Moral Law in Applied Ethics8
• Defining the Issues of Human Life and Death20
• Abortion and Double Effect20
• Capital Punishment Revisited13
• Comparing the Theories on Life and Death8

What moral words mean rather than what is right: divine command theory, naturalism, the naturalistic fallacy, intuitionism and emotivism.

• Divine Command Theory9
• Naturalism and Utilitarian Definitions19
• The Foundations of Divine Command Theory10
• The Naturalistic Fallacy and Non-Naturalism17

The conditions of responsibility, the dispute between libertarianism, hard determinism and compatibilism, and what follows for reward and punishment.

• The Conditions of Moral Responsibility18
• Free Will as a Condition of Responsibility11
• Libertarianism and Hard Determinism13
• Reward, Punishment and Determinism14

Religious and secular accounts of conscience, from Aquinas on synderesis and conscientia to Freud, and the question of how far it can be trusted.

• Aquinas on Synderesis and Conscientia18
• Synderesis and Conscientia19
• Conscience and Everyday Moral Decisions18
• Utilitarian Calculation as a Moral Guide18

Bentham's principle of utility and hedonic calculus set against Kant's categorical imperative, duty and the treatment of persons as ends.

• Bentham's Principle of Utility8
• Kant's Categorical Imperative18
• The Hedonic Calculus and Quantitative Utilitarianism19

The use of animals for food, in experiment and for sport, and how natural moral law, situation ethics and virtue ethics each assess it.

• Natural Moral Law and Animals8
• Situation Ethics and Virtue Ethics on Animals17
• Assessing the Theories on Animal Ethics13

Buddhism: the texts, teachers and institutions that carry authority. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• The Buddha and Skilful Means19

Buddhism: the principles governing conduct, and their application to life, war and the environment. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• The Three Trainings and Moral Conduct19
• The Five Precepts20
• Ahimsa and the Unborn9
• Meat, Animals and War in Buddhist Ethics13

Buddhism: changing thought on gender roles, marriage and sexuality. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• Buddhism, Gender and Sexuality in Thailand15

Buddhism: how scientific method and discovery have shaped belief, and where they conflict. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• Buddhism and Science20

Buddhism: the retreat of religion from public life, militant atheism and the response to materialism. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• Buddhism and Secularisation17

Buddhism: migration, life in a plural society and the standing of other faiths. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• Buddhism, Migration and Pluralism13

Buddhism: how philosophy of religion and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• Buddhism and Philosophy: Reality and the Self10
• Buddhism and Philosophy: Other Religions and Miracles18

Buddhism: how ethical studies and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• Buddhist Ethics Compared with Western Theories12
• Buddhist Responses to Life, Animals and Theft8
• Tolerance, Free Will and Responsibility in Buddhism17

Buddhism: how ultimate reality is understood and described. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• Theravada and Mahayana Views of the Buddha12
• The Trikaya Doctrine15
• Anicca and the Three Marks of Existence20
• Anatta and the Five Aggregates18

Buddhism: the self, the purpose of life, and what is held to follow death. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• Nirvana in This Life and After Death18
• Better Rebirth and the Goals of Life19
• Samsara and Karma20
• The Realms of Rebirth and the Bodhisattvas10

Buddhism: the practices, rites and communal life through which identity is expressed. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Buddhism as their chosen religion.

• The Sangha Today16
• Acts of Devotion in Theravada Buddhism9
• Buddha Images and Merit18
• Right Mindfulness and Its Four Foundations10
• The Eightfold Path and Mental Discipline20
• Secular Mindfulness and Its Critics8

Christianity: how ultimate reality is understood and described. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Christian Monotheism and Omnipotence20
• God as Personal, Father and Love13
• Gendered Language and the Feminist Critique15
• Process Theology and Divine Power15

Christianity: the self, the purpose of life, and what is held to follow death. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Glorifying God and Being Born Again8
• The Kingdom of God and Eschatology13
• The Soul, Dualism and Nephesh15
• Spiritual Resurrection and 1 Corinthians 1512
• Judgement, the Parousia and Heaven and Hell20
• Purgatory and Objective Immortality8

Christianity: the principles governing conduct, and their application to life, war and the environment. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Justification and the Fruits of the Spirit10
• Imputed Righteousness and Antinomianism16
• Sanctity of Life and the Unborn17
• Just War Theory13
• Dominion over Creation9
• Stewardship, Sabbath and Covenant18

Christianity: changing thought on gender roles, marriage and sexuality. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Biblical Criticism and Gender Roles16

Christianity: how scientific method and discovery have shaped belief, and where they conflict. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Christianity and Science9
• The Big Bang and Creationism12

Christianity: the retreat of religion from public life, militant atheism and the response to materialism. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Christianity and Secularisation16

Christianity: migration, life in a plural society and the standing of other faiths. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Christianity in a Plural Society9
• Anonymous Christians and Denominational Views15

Christianity: how philosophy of religion and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Christianity and Philosophy: The Dialogue19

Christianity: how ethical studies and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Kantian Ethics and Christian Duty20
• Agape, Consequences and Absolute Rules8
• Sanctity of Life, Just War and Weapons20
• Christian Ethics and Homosexuality8
• Genetic Engineering and Playing God16
• Free Will, Predestination and Moral Agency11
• Criticisms of Christian Ethics20
• The Credibility of Christian Moral Authority8
• What Christianity Has Given Ethical Studies9

Christianity: the texts, teachers and institutions that carry authority. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• The Bible as the Word of God8
• Liberal and Neo-Orthodox Views of Scripture18
• The Magisterium and Apostolic Succession8
• Sola Scriptura and the Reformers15
• The Authority of Jesus9
• The Sermon on the Mount and Retaliation19

Christianity: the practices, rites and communal life through which identity is expressed. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Christianity as their chosen religion.

• Infant Baptism and Original Sin10
• Godparents, Limbo and Believers' Baptism19
• The Eucharist and Transubstantiation18
• Communion, Unity and the Last Supper12
• Mission and the Great Commission13
• Integral Mission and Liberation Theology15

Hinduism: the texts, teachers and institutions that carry authority. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• The Devas of the Rig Veda20
• Shruti and the Four Vedas9
• Preserving and Using the Vedas19
• The Purusha Sukta and Caste11
• The Smrti Texts and the Ramayana20
• The Guru and the Parampara10
• Swami Sivananda12

Hinduism: the principles governing conduct, and their application to life, war and the environment. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• Karma and Moral Intention10
• Karma Yoga and Seva11
• Dharma and Sanatana Dharma9
• The Four Ashramas17
• Ahimsa in Hindu Thought16
• Ahimsa, War and Weapons12

Hinduism: changing thought on gender roles, marriage and sexuality. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• Hindu Reform and the Status of Women10
• Brahmacharya, Marriage and Divorce11

Hinduism: how scientific method and discovery have shaped belief, and where they conflict. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• Hinduism and Science16

Hinduism: the retreat of religion from public life, militant atheism and the response to materialism. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• Ram Mohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj8
• Dayananda Saraswati and Practical Vedanta13

Hinduism: migration, life in a plural society and the standing of other faiths. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• Hinduism, Migration and Pluralism17

Hinduism: how philosophy of religion and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• Hinduism and Philosophy: The Dialogue17

Hinduism: how ethical studies and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• Hindu Ethics beside Kant and Bentham10
• Hindu Responses to Life, Animals and Truth20

Hinduism: how ultimate reality is understood and described. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• The Trimurti12
• Vishnu and the Avatars14
• Nirguna Brahman and Neti Neti8
• Saguna and Nirguna Brahman Compared15

Hinduism: the self, the purpose of life, and what is held to follow death. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• The Four Aims of Life11
• Moksha in the Different Traditions13
• Atman and Jiva16
• Samkhya on Bondage and Liberation12
• Samsara and Karma in Hinduism10
• Reincarnation and the Realms of Rebirth15

Hinduism: the practices, rites and communal life through which identity is expressed. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Hinduism as their chosen religion.

• The Four Paths of Yoga9
• Raja Yoga and the Eight Limbs12
• Bhakti and Devotion20
• Puja, Arti and Prasad9
• The Ashram and the Gurukula11
• Life in a Modern Ashram17

Islam: how ultimate reality is understood and described. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• Tawhid and Shirk14
• The Throne Verse10
• The Ninety-Nine Names of God11
• Anthropomorphic Language and Ta'wil17
• Sufism: Tasawwuf, Tariqa and Dhikr19
• The Verse of Light9
• Al-Qadr and the Preserved Tablet17
• The Shi'a Concept of Bada9

Islam: the principles governing conduct, and their application to life, war and the environment. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• Taqwa, Ihsan and Obedience11
• Shari'ah and Its Five Categories19
• The Sanctity of Life in Islam10
• Abortion, IVF and Embryo Research20
• Khalifah and the Environment17
• Duties towards Animals13

Islam: changing thought on gender roles, marriage and sexuality. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• Islam, Gender and Sexuality17

Islam: how scientific method and discovery have shaped belief, and where they conflict. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• Islam and Science15

Islam: the retreat of religion from public life, militant atheism and the response to materialism. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• Islam and Secularisation17

Islam: migration, life in a plural society and the standing of other faiths. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• Islam, Migration and Pluralism19

Islam: how philosophy of religion and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• Islam and Philosophy: The Dialogue14

Islam: how ethical studies and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• Deontological and Teleological Ethics beside Islam14
• Muslim Responses to Life, Animals and Truth8
• Wealth, Tolerance and Free Will in Islam18

Islam: the texts, teachers and institutions that carry authority. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• The Revelation of the Qur'an15
• Arabic, Translation and the Hafiz15
• Khatam an-Nabiyyin and the Prophets14
• The Science of Hadith13
• Shi'a Islam and the Imamate20

Islam: the self, the purpose of life, and what is held to follow death. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• Ibadah and Niyyah12
• Dunya and Akhirah9
• The Soul, Ruh and Nafs20
• Paradise and Hell10

Islam: the practices, rites and communal life through which identity is expressed. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Islam as their chosen religion.

• What Makes a Person a Muslim9
• The Sunni and Shi'a Division16
• The Five Pillars and Zakat10
• Salah, Wudu and the Qiblah20
• Hajj and Umrah18
• The Modern Development of Hajj8
• The Mosque and Its Features14
• Mosques in the Community14

Judaism: how ultimate reality is understood and described. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• God as Personal and Anthropomorphism10
• God as King and Father15
• Buber: I-It and I-Thou8
• Buber on Meeting the Eternal Thou15
• Monotheism and the Shema11
• Maimonides' Thirteen Principles17

Judaism: how philosophy of religion and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• Jewish Thinking on Gender Roles19
• Judaism and Philosophy: The Dialogue12
• Evaluating the Reasonableness of Jewish Belief18

Judaism: how scientific method and discovery have shaped belief, and where they conflict. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• Judaism and Science19

Judaism: the retreat of religion from public life, militant atheism and the response to materialism. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• Judaism and Secularisation13

Judaism: migration, life in a plural society and the standing of other faiths. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• Judaism, Migration and Pluralism18

Judaism: how ethical studies and the tradition have shaped one another. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• Kantian Duty and Jewish Ethics16
• Pikuach Nephesh and Consequences13
• The Mitzvot and Tikkun Olam17
• Pikuach Nefesh, Euthanasia and Abortion16
• Sexuality, Gender and Genetic Engineering8
• Bechirah Chofshit: Jewish Free Will19
• Other Ethical Traditions and Jewish Ethics15
• What Ethical Criticism Means for Torah and Halakha10

Judaism: changing thought on gender roles, marriage and sexuality. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• The Ordination of Women as Rabbis14
• Open Orthodoxy and the Title Rabba10
• JOFA and the Agunah12
• Celibacy, Marriage and Same-Sex Relationships12
• Rachel Adler and Brit Ahuvim11

Judaism: the practices, rites and communal life through which identity is expressed. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• Ghettoism and Nehemiah 1013
• Political and Religious Zionism18
• Liberationist Judaism and Social Justice8
• Who Is a Jew?20
• Circumcision, Bar and Bat Mitzvah10
• Kippah, Tzitzit, Tallit and Tefillin10
• The Dietary Laws and Shechitah20
• The Synagogue and the Minyan19
• Pesach, the Seder and the Haggadah13

Judaism: the texts, teachers and institutions that carry authority. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• The Tenakh and the Torah12
• Reading the Torah in Synagogue13
• The Mishnah and the Talmud10
• The Authority of the Oral Torah13
• Rabbis and Semikhah11
• The Beth Din12

Judaism: the self, the purpose of life, and what is held to follow death. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• Kiddush Hashem and the Purpose of Life9
• The Messiah and the Messianic Age16
• She'ol and the Reticence of the Tenakh11
• Nefesh, Neshamah and Ruach11
• Resurrection of the Flesh14
• The Pittsburgh Platform on the Soul16

Judaism: the principles governing conduct, and their application to life, war and the environment. Part of Component 2, sat only by students who take Judaism as their chosen religion.

• The 613 Mitzvot19
• Moral Responsibility and Pikuach Nephesh11
• The Sanctity of Life in Judaism16
• Healing, War and Bal Tashchit11
• Dominion and Stewardship in Judaism18
• Shemittah and Modern Environmental Thought8