Gender | AQA A-Level Psychology (7182)
Gender
- 111 questions
- 6 subtopics
- Paper 3: Issues and options in psychology
- Paper 3
Gender is an optional topic for Paper 3.
It covers the distinction between sex and gender, the biological basis of sex, and the cognitive and social learning accounts of how gender develops, ending with explanations of gender incongruence.
Sample questions from Gender
Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.
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Sex, gender, sex-role stereotypes and androgyny
What is androgyny?
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Displaying a balance of both masculine and feminine personality characteristics. -
Sex, gender, sex-role stereotypes and androgyny
What four categories can a person be classified into using the BSRI?
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Masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated. -
Chromosomes and hormones in biological sex
How does prenatal hormone exposure influence development?
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Prenatal hormone exposure during critical periods influences the sexual differentiation of both the brain and body. -
Chromosomes and hormones in biological sex
What chromosomal pattern is found in Turner syndrome?
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Turner syndrome occurs in individuals with a single X chromosome (45,X). -
Cognitive explanations of gender development
What core understanding defines the gender constancy stage?
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Children understand that gender is fixed and permanent regardless of changes in appearance, activities, or time. -
Cognitive explanations of gender development
What characterises an outgroup schema compared to an ingroup schema?
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The outgroup schema contains less detailed information about the other gender compared to the detailed ingroup schema. -
Psychodynamic explanation of gender development
How does a girl resolve the Electra complex?
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She represses her desire for her father, replaces penis envy with a desire for a baby, and identifies with her mother, taking on her feminine gender role. -
Psychodynamic explanation of gender development
Give one limitation of the case of Little Hans as evidence for the Oedipus complex.
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Freud met Hans only briefly and relied on his father's reports, and the phobia could be explained more simply, for example by Hans having seen a horse collapse in the street.
The 6 subtopics
One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.
| Subtopic | What it covers | Questions |
|---|---|---|
| Sex, gender, sex-role stereotypes and androgyny | What separates biological sex from gender, how sex-role stereotypes are transmitted, and androgyny as measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory. | 11 |
| Chromosomes and hormones in biological sex | How chromosomes determine sex before birth, the hormones that shape sexual development, and what androgen insensitivity and atypical chromosome patterns reveal. | 19 |
| Cognitive explanations of gender development | Kohlberg's three stages leading to gender constancy, and gender schema theory's account of how schemas direct what children notice and remember. | 30 |
| Psychodynamic explanation of gender development | Freud's psychodynamic explanation of gender development: the phallic stage, the Oedipus and Electra complexes, identification and internalisation, the case of Little Hans, and the criticisms of the theory's evidence and timing. | 13 |
| Social learning theory as applied to gender development | The mediational processes behind imitation, how modelling and reinforcement produce gender-typed behaviour, and the influence of parents, peers, culture and the media. | 23 |
| Gender incongruence | What gender incongruence describes, the biological evidence offered for it, the social and cultural accounts, and the limitations of both. | 15 |
How the guide is worked
Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.
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Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
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Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
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Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.
Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.
Nearby topics
AQA A-Level Psychology Active Recall Guide
Every topic, not just this one. 2,999 questions with their answers.