Emerging and Developing Economies | Edexcel A-Level Economics A (9EC0)
Emerging and Developing Economies
- 145 questions
- 10 subtopics
- Theme 4: a global perspective
- Paper 2 and Paper 3
Covers development beyond income alone: the Human Development Index, the barriers that hold poorer economies back, and the market-orientated and interventionist strategies used to overcome them..
It covers the Human Development Index and its three dimensions, the limits of the HDI, and other development indicators, primary product dependency, the savings gap and Harrod-Domar, population, debt, financial exclusion and infrastructure, governance, corruption, conflict and geography, market-orientated strategies: trade liberalisation and FDI, interventionist strategies: human capital and protectionism, infrastructure, joint ventures and buffer stock schemes, the Lewis model, tourism, primary industries and Fairtrade and aid, debt relief, the World Bank, the IMF and NGOs.
Sample questions from Emerging and Developing Economies
Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.
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The Human Development Index and its three dimensions
What indicator is used to measure the health dimension of the HDI?
Show the answer
Life expectancy at birth. -
The limits of the HDI, and other development indicators
Why can comparing a country's current HDI with its HDI from decades ago be problematic?
Show the answer
Methodological changes over time can make historical comparisons problematic. -
Primary product dependency, the savings gap and Harrod-Domar
How does commodity price volatility hinder development?
Show the answer
It creates uncertainty for government revenues, investment planning, and household incomes. -
Population, debt, financial exclusion and infrastructure
What is a demographic dividend?
Show the answer
When a falling birth rate leads to a larger proportion of the population being of working age, potentially boosting economic growth. -
Governance, corruption, conflict and geography
How can geography influence a country's prospects for economic growth and development?
Show the answer
Geography affects development through factors such as climate (impacting agriculture and disease prevalence), access to the sea (affecting trade costs), natural resource endowments, terrain (influencing infrastructure costs), and proximity to major markets. -
Market-orientated strategies: trade liberalisation and FDI
How do tax incentives attract foreign direct investment?
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Lower corporate tax rates, tax holidays, or exemptions reduce the cost of operating for multinational corporations, making a country more attractive for investment. -
Interventionist strategies: human capital and protectionism
How do skills development initiatives contribute to economic growth?
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By upgrading workforce capabilities to meet changing labour market demands, increasing productivity and adaptability. -
Infrastructure, joint ventures and buffer stock schemes
How do joint ventures with global companies facilitate technology transfer?
Show the answer
Domestic firms gain access to advanced production techniques, equipment, and processes from their multinational partners.
The 10 subtopics
One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.
| Subtopic | What it covers | Questions |
|---|---|---|
| The Human Development Index and its three dimensions | Recall questions on the health, education and income dimensions, the indicators used for each, and how they are combined. | 15 |
| The limits of the HDI, and other development indicators | Recall questions on what the HDI misses, and on GNI per capita, infant mortality, literacy, access to clean water and the Multidimensional Poverty Index. | 12 |
| Primary product dependency, the savings gap and Harrod-Domar | Recall questions on commodity price volatility, the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis, the savings gap, the Harrod-Domar model and the foreign currency gap. | 16 |
| Population, debt, financial exclusion and infrastructure | Recall questions on population growth, age structure and the dependency ratio, the demographic dividend, external debt and debt traps, financial exclusion, inadequate infrastructure, low education and skills, and the absence of property rights. | 17 |
| Governance, corruption, conflict and geography | Recall questions on the quality of governance, corruption, political instability, civil conflict and geography as barriers to development, including landlocked countries, weak property rights, corruption and aid, capital flight and tropical climates. | 14 |
| Market-orientated strategies: trade liberalisation and FDI | Recall questions on trade liberalisation, attracting foreign direct investment, special economic zones, subsidy removal, privatisation and floating exchange rates. | 14 |
| Interventionist strategies: human capital and protectionism | Recall questions on investment in education and health, infant industry protection, managed exchange rates and other interventionist measures. | 11 |
| Infrastructure, joint ventures and buffer stock schemes | Recall questions on transport, energy, telecommunications and sanitation investment, joint ventures with global companies, and how a buffer stock scheme works. | 12 |
| The Lewis model, tourism, primary industries and Fairtrade | Recall questions on surplus labour and the Lewis model, the development of tourism and primary industries, and what Fairtrade schemes guarantee. | 15 |
| Aid, debt relief, the World Bank, the IMF and NGOs | Recall questions on bilateral, multilateral and tied aid, debt relief, the roles of the World Bank and the IMF, conditionality, and what NGOs contribute. | 19 |
How the guide is worked
Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.
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Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
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Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
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Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.
Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.
Nearby topics
Edexcel A-Level Economics A Active Recall Guide
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