Regenerating Places | Edexcel A-Level Geography (9GE0)

Regenerating Places

392 questions
24 subtopics
Paper 2: one place study of two
Paper 2 and Paper 3

Covers why places change and what is done about it: how a place's economy and function shift, how deprivation is measured, why residents see the same place differently, and how regeneration is funded, delivered and judged..

It covers economic classification and variation from place to place, the functions of a place and why they change, measuring place change and deprivation, past and present connections shaping economic and social characteristics, economic and social inequalities changing perceptions of areas, lived experience, attachment and conflict over place, evidence, representations, Spearman's rank and significance testing, measures of dispersion: range, interquartile range and standard deviation, successful regions and the spiral of decline, perceptions of the need for regeneration, national planning, transport and funding decisions, national policy: Levelling Up, house-building targets and foreign investment, local government incentives and inward investment, what attracts investment, and the multiplier effect, local interest groups and tourism, sport and rural regeneration, rebranding to change public perception of places, rebranding deindustrialised cities and rural areas, economic, social and environmental measures of success, deprivation domains and demographic change, how different stakeholders judge regeneration, urban stakeholders and their criteria for success, urban regeneration: reality, image and contested decisions, rural stakeholders and their criteria for success and rural regeneration: reality, image and contested decisions.

Sample questions from Regenerating Places

Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.

Economic classification and variation from place to place

How does employed status differ from self-employed status as a classification of economic activity?

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Employed workers work for an employer under a contract of employment, while self-employed individuals work for themselves, running their own business or working as freelancers.
Past and present connections shaping economic and social characteristics

Why might informal and qualitative representations of a place give a contrasting image to formal statistics?

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Informal representations capture subjective experiences, emotions, and lived realities that statistics cannot measure, potentially revealing hidden deprivation, community spirit, or cultural vibrancy not shown in official data.
Evidence, representations, Spearman's rank and significance testing

What does a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of +1 indicate?

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A perfect positive correlation - as one variable increases, the other also increases in a perfectly consistent manner.
Perceptions of the need for regeneration

How do levels of deprivation affect lived experience of place?

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People experiencing different levels of deprivation will have varying lived experiences of the same place
Local government incentives and inward investment

What are enterprise zones in the context of local government regeneration policy?

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Enterprise zones are designated areas where businesses receive special incentives such as tax breaks and simplified planning to encourage economic activity and attract investment.
Rebranding to change public perception of places

What role do marketing campaigns play in rebranding strategies?

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Marketing campaigns promote the new image of a place through advertising, events and media to reach wide audiences and shift perceptions.
Deprivation domains and demographic change

What does the living environment domain of a multiple deprivation index evaluate?

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Quality of housing and local environment, including housing conditions, air quality, and road traffic accidents.
Urban regeneration: reality, image and contested decisions

When assessing urban regeneration, what is meant by the impact on the reality of a place?

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Impact on reality refers to tangible, measurable changes such as new infrastructure, employment levels, housing quality, and actual living conditions in the area.

The 24 subtopics

One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.

Subtopic	What it covers	Questions
Economic classification and variation from place to place	The primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors, part-time, temporary and self-employed work, how health, life expectancy and education vary with economic activity between places, why pay differs by sector and type of employment and how that shows in quality of life, and mapping place data with GIS.	18
The functions of a place and why they change	Recall questions on administrative, commercial, retail and industrial functions, gentrification, and what drives change.	14
Measuring place change and deprivation	Recall questions on employment, demographic and land-use data, the deprivation domains, and the Index of Multiple Deprivation.	14
Past and present connections shaping economic and social characteristics	Global, international, national and regional influences on places, the growing role of TNCs and IGOs, informal representations against formal statistics, how continuity and change in economic and social characteristics affect people, cultural erosion against cultural enrichment, past and present connections, and social media as evidence of how residents see their area.	21
Economic and social inequalities changing perceptions of areas	Successful regions such as Palo Alto and Silicon Valley with high employment, in-migration and low deprivation but high property prices and skill shortages, the spiral of decline triggered by economic restructuring in regions such as the Rust Belt and its education, health, crime, service and living environment dimensions, and why perceptions of the need for regeneration vary.	19
Lived experience, attachment and conflict over place	Recall questions on how age, ethnicity, gender, length of residence and deprivation shape attachment, and on where conflict arises.	18
Evidence, representations, Spearman's rank and significance testing	Scatter graphs, lines of best fit and Spearman's rank correlation for judging the need for regeneration, from ranking to the formula and interpreting the coefficient, null hypotheses, significance at the 0.05 level, critical values and degrees of freedom, why correlation is not causation, and how newspapers, music, photography, film, art and literature represent a place.	18
Measures of dispersion: range, interquartile range and standard deviation	Dispersion diagrams and what a measure of dispersion shows, the range, interquartile range and standard deviation with a worked example on pebble lengths, and when standard deviation is more useful than the interquartile range.	8
Successful regions and the spiral of decline	The inward migration and low deprivation that mark successful regions such as Palo Alto and Silicon Valley, and the rising education deprivation, crime, reduced access to services and deteriorating living environment of the spiral of decline, with the Rust Belt as the example.	8
Perceptions of the need for regeneration	Why perceptions of the need for regeneration vary, election turnout and community groups as measures of engagement, how ethnicity, deprivation and length of residence shape lived experience and attachment, why inequalities and lack of representation divide views on regeneration priorities, and newspapers, art and literature as sources.	16
National planning, transport and funding decisions	How national planning, transport connectivity and central funding decide which places are regenerated and create spatial inequalities, devolution to regional and local authorities, Enterprise Zones and their tax and planning incentives, housing policy schemes, and the effect of austerity on local authority capacity.	15
National policy: Levelling Up, house-building targets and foreign investment	National planning designations, immigration policy, Local Enterprise Partnerships replacing Regional Development Agencies, public-private partnerships, Levelling Up from 2019 to 2024, skills policy and planning permission, retail-led regeneration and its risks, house-building targets and the conflict they cause, and the deregulation of capital markets and foreign investment in London property.	27
Local government incentives and inward investment	Local government investment in infrastructure, business rate relief and inward investment, Local Enterprise Partnerships, enterprise zone incentives such as simplified planning, business rate discounts and enhanced capital allowances, planning decisions, land designation, development permissions and conditions, and inward investment from TNCs and national regeneration funds.	14
What attracts investment, and the multiplier effect	What attracts private developers and inward investment, including infrastructure, workforce skills, accessibility and competitive incentive packages, the race to the bottom between local authorities, how investment triggers multiplier effects through supply chains and local spending, and job creation, housing, environmental improvement and community facilities as regeneration priorities.	14
Local interest groups and tourism, sport and rural regeneration	Chambers of Commerce, preservation societies and trade unions in regeneration decisions, London 2012 and sport-led regeneration and its legacy, tourism-led regeneration in Margate, and rural diversification through partnerships such as the Powys Regeneration Partnership.	13
Rebranding to change public perception of places	What rebranding is and how it differs from regeneration, the residents, investors, businesses and visitors it targets, visual identity, marketing campaigns and positive narratives, why the promoted image must match lived experience, when rebranding is contested, informal representations that contrast with it, and how its success is measured.	15
Rebranding deindustrialised cities and rural areas	Rebranding as a way to change public perception of places through the media, deindustrialised cities building on industrial heritage with Glasgow's 'Scotland with Style' as an example, rural rebranding through literary heritage in Brontë country around Haworth, farm diversification and outdoor pursuits at Kielder Forest, and discursive and creative sources for studying it.	19
Economic, social and environmental measures of success	Economic measures of regeneration success such as employment, earnings, business growth and poverty, absolute against relative change and spatial comparison, social measures including health, education, crime, deprivation, inequalities, demographic change and life expectancy, and environmental measures such as air quality, green space and reduced derelict land.	23
Deprivation domains and demographic change	The income, employment, health, crime and living environment domains of multiple deprivation indices, age structure, ethnic composition and population change as demographic indicators, the reuse of derelict land, sectoral shifts, full-time and permanent employment, and quality of life indices as measures of regeneration.	13
How different stakeholders judge regeneration	Why stakeholders judge the same regeneration differently, how age, ethnicity, gender, length of residence and deprivation shape lived experience of it, election turnout, community groups and attachment as social measures, formal against informal representations, property prices and in-migration, and photographs, maps, blogs and social media as evidence.	18
Urban stakeholders and their criteria for success	Why urban stakeholders judge regeneration by different criteria, with Salford Quays as the example urban case study, NIMBYism in contested decisions, economic, demographic and environmental variables, why future success depends on past decisions, and the criteria of local and national government, businesses and residents, shaped by what the place means to them.	13
Urban regeneration: reality, image and contested decisions	The criteria local and national government, businesses and residents use to judge urban regeneration, how lived experience and the meaning of a place shape them, impacts on the reality against the image of a place, Salford Quays as the example, NIMBYism, economic, social, demographic and environmental variables, and why decisions are contested and reported differently.	20
Rural stakeholders and their criteria for success	Why rural stakeholders disagree about regeneration success, with the North Antrim coast as the example rural case study, economic, social, demographic and environmental variables, the criteria of local government, businesses and residents, the reality against the image of a place, how residents and tourists judge it differently, and blogs and social media as evidence.	17
Rural regeneration: reality, image and contested decisions	Rural regeneration strategies and why decisions over them are contested, with the North Antrim coast as the example, economic, social, demographic and environmental variables, why past decisions matter, the criteria of local and national government, businesses and residents, and how the reality and image of a rural place can change separately and be judged differently.	17

Regenerating Places is 392 of the 3,433 questions in the guide.Get the guide, £7

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.