Look inside the Edexcel A-Level Psychology guide (9PS0)

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Edexcel · A-Level · 9PS0
Psychology
Active Recall Guide
2,738 questions
PsychologyContents
Contents
8 topics, 194 subtopics
  1. Social Psychology385
  2. Cognitive Psychology353
  3. Biological Psychology292
  4. Learning Theories327
  5. Clinical Psychology442
  6. Criminological Psychology306
  7. Child Psychology293
  8. Health Psychology340
ii
Cognitive PsychologyQuestions
Cognitive Psychology
The working memory model
  1. Who proposed the working memory model and in what year?
  2. What concept did the working memory model replace or provide an alternative to?
  3. What are the three main functions of the central executive in working memory?
  4. What are the two sub-components of the phonological loop?
  5. Why might someone struggle to remember a phone number while also trying to mentally rehearse a shopping list?
  6. What are the four components of the working memory model?
  7. What is the function of the episodic buffer?
  8. What evidence from dual-task studies supports the working memory model?
  9. Which component of working memory has overall control but no storage capacity of its own?
12
Cognitive PsychologyAnswers
Answers
The working memory model
  1. Baddeley and Hitch in 1974.
  2. The concept of a unitary short-term store.
  3. Directing attention, coordinating the slave systems, and allocating processing resources.
  4. The phonological store and the articulatory rehearsal process.
  5. Both tasks require the phonological loop, creating competition for the same limited-capacity component of working memory.
  6. The central executive, the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad and, added later, the episodic buffer.
  7. Added by Baddeley in 2000, it binds information from the other components and long-term memory into a single episode.
  8. Two tasks using the same component interfere with each other, while two using different components can be performed together with little loss.
  9. The central executive.
13
Learning TheoriesQuestions
Learning Theories
Pavlov's experiment with salivation in dogs
  1. In Pavlov's experiment, what served as the unconditioned stimulus?
  2. What was the unconditioned response in Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment?
  3. After conditioning in Pavlov's experiment, what did the bell become?
  4. In Pavlov's 1927 experiment, what was the neutral stimulus and how was it used?
  5. What was the conditioned response in Pavlov's experiment?
  6. What was the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment with dogs?
  7. What was the unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment?
  8. What was the neutral stimulus in Pavlov's experiment before conditioning?
  9. What did the neutral stimulus become after repeated pairing?
34
Learning TheoriesAnswers
Answers
Pavlov's experiment with salivation in dogs
  1. Food.
  2. Salivation to food.
  3. The conditioned stimulus.
  4. A neutral stimulus such as a bell was repeatedly paired with food to condition dogs to salivate to it.
  5. Salivation to the bell.
  6. The food.
  7. Salivation to the food.
  8. The sound signalling that food was coming, such as a bell or metronome.
  9. A conditioned stimulus, which produced salivation on its own.
35
Child PsychologyQuestions
Child Psychology
Bowlby's theory of attachment
  1. How does the internal working model affect later development?
  2. Why is an interactionist approach considered more complete than purely nature or nurture explanations of attachment?
  3. What did Bowlby mean by monotropy?
  4. What is the internal working model in Bowlby's theory?
  5. What did Bowlby mean by a critical period for attachment?
  6. What are social releasers in Bowlby's account?
  7. What was Bowlby's maternal deprivation hypothesis?
  8. What did Bowlby's 44 Thieves study report?
  9. Give one methodological weakness of the 44 Thieves study.
56
Child PsychologyAnswers
Answers
Bowlby's theory of attachment
  1. It shapes expectations and behaviours in future relationships, as the child uses their early attachment experience as a template for understanding how relationships work.
  2. It acknowledges that both biological predispositions and environmental influences work together to shape attachment, rather than one factor acting alone.
  3. That an infant forms one primary attachment which is qualitatively different from and more important than all the others.
  4. A mental template of relationships built from the first attachment, which shapes expectations of later relationships including the infant's own parenting.
  5. That attachment must form within roughly the first two and a half years, and becomes very difficult after about five.
  6. Innate infant behaviours such as crying, smiling and clinging that elicit caregiving from adults.
  7. That separation from the primary attachment figure in the critical period causes lasting emotional and intellectual damage.
  8. That 14 of the 44 juvenile thieves were affectionless psychopaths, and 12 of those had experienced prolonged early separation.
  9. Bowlby diagnosed affectionless psychopathy and collected the separation histories himself, so his expectations could shape both.
57
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