Look inside the AQA GCSE Psychology guide (8182)

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Look inside the AQA GCSE Psychology guide

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AQA · GCSE · 8182
Psychology
Active Recall Guide
619 questions
PsychologyContents
Contents
8 topics, 39 subtopics
  1. Memory64
  2. Perception79
  3. Development64
  4. Research Methods138
  5. Social Influence64
  6. Language, Thought and Communication64
  7. Brain and Neuropsychology64
  8. Psychological Problems82
ii
PerceptionQuestions
Perception
Sensation, perception and depth cues
  1. What is sensation?
  2. What is perception?
  3. Explain the difference between sensation and perception, using the example of seeing a friend across the street.
  4. What is a depth cue?
  5. What is the difference between monocular and binocular depth cues?
  6. What is the depth cue of height in plane?
  7. Explain relative size as a depth cue.
  8. What is occlusion?
  9. Describe linear perspective as a depth cue.
12
PerceptionAnswers
Answers
Sensation, perception and depth cues
  1. Sensation is the detection of physical energy, such as light or sound, by the sense organs. The information is then passed to the brain as nerve impulses.
  2. Perception is the process by which the brain organises and interprets sensory information. Interpretation turns raw sensations into meaningful experiences, such as recognising a face.
  3. Sensation is the eyes detecting the light reflected from the friend. Perception is the brain interpreting that information and recognising the person as your friend.
  4. A depth cue is a feature of the visual scene that helps us judge distance. Depth cues allow a flat image on the retina to be seen in three dimensions.
  5. Monocular depth cues can be used with only one eye. Binocular depth cues need both eyes working together.
  6. Height in plane means objects placed higher in the visual field, nearer the horizon, are seen as further away.
  7. Relative size means that of two similar objects, the one that looks smaller is judged to be further away.
  8. Occlusion happens when one object partly blocks the view of another. The object that is partly hidden is seen as further away.
  9. Linear perspective means parallel lines appear to converge as they stretch into the distance. The closer together the lines are, the further away that point seems.
13
Research MethodsQuestions
Research Methods
Sampling methods
  1. What is the difference between a target population and a sample?
  2. Why do researchers study a sample rather than the whole target population?
  3. What is a representative sample?
  4. Describe how to select a random sample.
  5. Give one strength and one weakness of random sampling.
  6. Why might a random sample still be unrepresentative?
  7. What is opportunity sampling?
  8. Give one strength and one weakness of opportunity sampling.
  9. Describe how to select a systematic sample.
34
Research MethodsAnswers
Answers
Sampling methods
  1. A target population is the whole group a researcher wants to find out about. A sample is the smaller group from that population who actually take part.
  2. A target population is usually too large for everyone to be tested. A sample saves time and money.
  3. A representative sample contains the same kinds of people as the target population, in similar proportions. Findings from a representative sample can be generalised to that population.
  4. Every member of the target population is listed and given a number. The researcher then picks numbers by chance, such as with a random number generator.
  5. Random sampling is unbiased, because every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. A complete list of the target population is often hard to obtain.
  6. Chance alone can produce a sample that over-represents one group, such as mostly boys. The risk is greatest when the sample is small.
  7. Opportunity sampling means choosing whoever is available and willing to take part at the time, such as people in a school corridor.
  8. Opportunity sampling is quick, cheap and easy. The sample is often unrepresentative, because it only includes people who happen to be in one place.
  9. The researcher lists the target population and chooses every nth person, such as every tenth name. The starting point on the list should be chosen at random.
35
Brain and NeuropsychologyQuestions
Brain and Neuropsychology
The nervous system, fight or flight and the James-Lange theory
  1. What are the two main divisions of the human nervous system?
  2. What makes up the central nervous system, and what does it do?
  3. What does the peripheral nervous system do?
  4. What does the somatic nervous system do?
  5. What does the autonomic nervous system do?
  6. What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
  7. What is the fight or flight response?
  8. How is the fight or flight response triggered?
  9. What bodily changes happen during the fight or flight response?
56
Brain and NeuropsychologyAnswers
Answers
The nervous system, fight or flight and the James-Lange theory
  1. The two main divisions are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
  2. The central nervous system is the brain and the spinal cord. The CNS processes incoming information and decides how the body should respond.
  3. The peripheral nervous system carries messages between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. The PNS divides into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
  4. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles. The somatic system also carries information from the sense organs to the CNS.
  5. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, breathing and digestion. The autonomic system works automatically, without conscious effort.
  6. The sympathetic branch arouses the body and triggers the fight or flight response. The parasympathetic branch calms the body and returns it to a resting state.
  7. The fight or flight response is an automatic reaction to a threat that prepares the body to fight or run away.
  8. The brain detects a threat and the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenal glands release adrenaline into the bloodstream, which produces the bodily changes.
  9. Heart rate and breathing speed up and the pupils dilate. Digestion slows and sweating increases. The muscles tense, ready for action.
57
Keep going
619
questions
39 subtopics

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619 questions
Across 39 subtopics, every one of them from specification 8182.
One PDF
Print it, or work from a screen with a notebook beside you.
Answers after, not beside
Covering the answers is a matter of not turning the page, which is what makes the closed-book pass possible.

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

  1. Step 1 · Closed book

    Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.

  2. Step 2 · Open book

    Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.

  3. Step 3 · Closed book again

    Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.

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