Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis | Edexcel GCSE Biology, Higher tier (1BI0)

Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis

173 questions
11 subtopics
Paper 2
Paper 2

Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis is examined in Paper 2, Biology 2.

It covers hormones, endocrine glands and homeostasis, adrenalin, thyroxine and negative feedback, the menstrual cycle and its hormones, hormonal and barrier contraception, clomifene and IVF, thermoregulation, blood glucose control and type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and body mass, the urinary system and urea, the nephron and ADH, and dialysis and kidney transplants.

Sample questions from Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis

Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.

Hormones, endocrine glands and homeostasis

Which organ lying behind the stomach releases hormones that control blood glucose?

Show the answer
The pancreas.
Adrenalin, thyroxine and negative feedback

Which organ does adrenalin act on to raise blood sugar, and what conversion does it cause there?

Show the answer
The liver, where stored glycogen is converted into glucose that passes into the blood.
The menstrual cycle and its hormones

Which hormone causes the lining of the uterus to thicken, and where is it made?

Show the answer
Oestrogen, which is made in the ovaries.
Hormonal and barrier contraception

Name three ways of giving hormonal contraception other than a daily pill.

Show the answer
By injection, by an implant placed under the skin, or by a patch worn on the skin.
Assisted reproductive technology and IVF

Explain how clomifene increases the chance of becoming pregnant.

Show the answer
It increases the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland, so an egg matures and is released.
Homeostasis and thermoregulation

How does the hypothalamus detect a change in body temperature?

Show the answer
It has receptors that respond to the temperature of the blood flowing through it, and it receives impulses from temperature receptors in the skin.
Controlling blood glucose, and type 1 diabetes

Describe and explain what happens to blood glucose in the hour after a sugary drink.

Show the answer
It rises as the sugar is absorbed, then falls again as insulin makes cells take the glucose up and store it.
Type 2 diabetes and body mass

What does body mass index estimate, and what two measurements is it calculated from?

Show the answer
It estimates whether a person's mass is healthy for their size, and it is calculated from body mass and height.

The 11 subtopics

One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.

Subtopic	What it covers	Questions
Hormones, endocrine glands and homeostasis	Hormones as chemical messengers carried in the blood to target organs with specific receptors, the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes and ovaries and what they release, homeostasis and the changes it responds to, and receptors, coordination centres and effectors.	15
Adrenalin, thyroxine and negative feedback	How adrenalin from the adrenal glands prepares the body for fight or flight by raising heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to the muscles, blood glucose and breathing rate, thyroxine and metabolic rate, and negative feedback control of thyroxine through TRH and TSH.	16
The menstrual cycle and its hormones	The stages of the 28-day menstrual cycle from menstruation to ovulation, oestrogen thickening and progesterone maintaining the uterus lining, the roles of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland and progesterone from the corpus luteum, and how these hormones interact to control ovulation and start the next cycle.	17
Hormonal and barrier contraception	How oestrogen and progesterone in hormonal contraception prevent pregnancy, pills, injections, implants and patches, condoms and diaphragms as barrier methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and what perfect-use and typical-use effectiveness figures show.	14
Assisted reproductive technology and IVF	Assisted reproductive technology, clomifene therapy and how it raises FSH and LH to trigger ovulation, the stages of IVF and why FSH and LH are given, and why IVF often fails and the risk of multiple pregnancy.	8
Homeostasis and thermoregulation	Thermoregulation and why enzymes fail when the body is too hot or too cold, osmoregulation and animal cells in dilute or concentrated solutions, the hypothalamus and temperature receptors, the dermis and epidermis, sweating, hair erector muscles and shivering, and how vasoconstriction and vasodilation control heat loss.	24
Controlling blood glucose, and type 1 diabetes	How the pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose by storing it as glycogen, why levels rise after meals and fall in exercise, glucagon raising blood glucose and working antagonistically with insulin by negative feedback, and the cause, onset, symptoms and insulin treatment of type 1 diabetes.	20
Type 2 diabetes and body mass	The cause and risk factors of type 2 diabetes, how it differs from type 1 and is controlled, calculating body mass index and waist to hip ratio and their limits, correlation and cause, and scatter diagrams showing positive, negative or no correlation with lines of best fit.	22
The urinary system and the production of urea	The kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, the renal artery and vein, nephrons, and how the liver breaks down excess amino acids into toxic urea that the kidneys excrete in urine.	13
The nephron, filtration and the effect of ADH	Filtration in the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, why proteins and blood cells stay in the blood, selective reabsorption of glucose by active transport and water by osmosis, and how ADH from the pituitary gland acts on the collecting duct to control urine volume and concentration by negative feedback.	16
Treating kidney failure: dialysis and transplants	Why kidney failure is dangerous, how dialysis removes urea by diffusion and why dialysis fluid contains glucose and salts, the disadvantages of dialysis, and the advantages of a kidney transplant and how rejection is reduced.	8

Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis is 173 of the 1,386 questions in the guide.Get the guide, £7

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.