Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes | Edexcel GCSE Chemistry, Higher tier (1CH0)
Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes
- 210 questions
- 17 subtopics
- Paper 1
- Paper 1
Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes is examined in Paper 1, Chemistry 1.
It covers transition metals and their properties, corrosion and electroplating, preventing rusting, alloys and alloy steels, how the uses of metals relate to their properties, concentration in mol dm⁻³ and titration calculations, carrying out an accurate titration, percentage yield, atom economy and choosing a reaction pathway, molar volume of a gas, Avogadro's law and gas volumes, the Haber process, conditions used in industrial reactions, fertilisers and ammonium salts, preparing ammonium sulfate in the lab and in industry, chemical cells and fuel cells and evaluating fuel cells.
Sample questions from Transition Metals, Quantitative Chemistry and Industrial Processes
Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.
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Transition metals and their properties
State two typical physical properties of a transition metal.
Show the answer
Transition metals have high melting points and high densities. -
Preventing rusting
Explain how storing steel tools in a sealed box with a drying agent slows rusting.
Show the answer
The drying agent removes water vapour from the air, so water is excluded from the metal surface. -
How the uses of metals relate to their properties
Explain why copper is used for electrical wiring.
Show the answer
Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity and is ductile enough to be drawn into thin wires. -
Carrying out an accurate titration
Name a suitable indicator for an acid-alkali titration and give its colour change as acid is added.
Show the answer
Phenolphthalein changes from pink to colourless. -
Atom economy and choosing a reaction pathway
Calculate the atom economy for making calcium oxide by CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂, given relative formula masses CaO 56 and CO₂ 44.
Show the answer
The products total 100, so the atom economy is (56 ÷ 100) × 100 = 56%. -
Avogadro's law and gas volumes
Calculate the volume of hydrogen needed to react completely with 50 cm³ of nitrogen in N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
Show the answer
Three volumes of hydrogen are needed for each volume of nitrogen, so 150 cm³ is required. -
Conditions used in industrial reactions
Explain why a catalyst does not change how much product is present once equilibrium is reached.
Show the answer
It speeds up the forward and backward reactions by the same amount, so the position of equilibrium is unchanged. -
Preparing ammonium sulfate in the lab and in industry
Describe how the exact volume of acid needed is found when ammonium sulfate is prepared in the laboratory.
Show the answer
A titration with an indicator finds the volume of acid that just neutralises a measured volume of the ammonia solution.
The 17 subtopics
One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.
| Subtopic | What it covers | Questions |
|---|---|---|
| Transition metals and their properties | Where the transition metals sit in the periodic table, their high melting points and densities, coloured compounds, iron as the ammonia catalyst, catalytic activity, and how sodium is untypical. | 8 |
| Corrosion and electroplating | Corrosion as oxidation, rusting and the need for oxygen and water, rust as hydrated iron(III) oxide, why magnesium dulls but gold does not, and electroplating with the object as the cathode, a suitable electrolyte, and why chromium and silver plating are used. | 14 |
| Preventing rusting | Preventing rusting by painting, oiling and drying agents that exclude oxygen and water, sacrificial protection with magnesium blocks, galvanising with zinc, and why a tin coating protects only while it is unbroken. | 9 |
| Alloys and alloy steels | What an alloy is, why pure metals bend easily while atoms of a different size make alloys stronger and less malleable, gold alloys for rings, steel and stainless steel, and the properties of high-carbon and low-carbon steel. | 13 |
| How the uses of metals relate to their properties | How the properties of aluminium, copper and gold suit them to aircraft, electrical wiring, water pipes and electronic connectors, and the make-up and uses of the alloys magnalium and brass. | 8 |
| Concentration in mol dm-3 and titration calculations | Concentration in mol dm⁻³ and its link to moles and volume, converting between mol dm⁻³ and g dm⁻³, finding the mass of solute, calculating unknown concentrations and volumes from titration results using the reacting ratio, and spotting implausible answers. | 18 |
| Carrying out an accurate titration | The pipette, burette and conical flask and how each is rinsed, removing air bubbles, suitable indicators and their colour changes, reaching the end point accurately, reading the burette, and concordant titres and the mean titre. | 15 |
| Percentage yield | Theoretical and actual yield, calculating a percentage yield, actual yield or theoretical yield, why a yield cannot exceed 100%, and how incomplete reactions, reversible reactions, practical losses and side reactions lower it. | 16 |
| Atom economy and choosing a reaction pathway | What atom economy measures and how it is calculated, how it differs from percentage yield, worked atom economies for calcium oxide, iron, copper, ammonia, hydrogen and oxygen, and choosing a reaction pathway by atom economy, yield, rate, equilibrium position, by-products and waste. | 21 |
| Molar volume of a gas | What molar volume means, the 24 dm³ value at room temperature and pressure, why it is the same for every gas, and converting between moles, mass and gas volume in reactions. | 15 |
| Avogadro's law and gas volumes | Avogadro's law, why it makes gas calculations simpler, working out reacting volumes for ammonia, carbon monoxide, methane and nitrogen monoxide, and why it fails for water at room temperature. | 8 |
| The Haber process | The elements combined and the ammonia made, the symbol equation and what ⇌ means, where the nitrogen and hydrogen are obtained, why one pass is incomplete, and fertiliser use. | 8 |
| Conditions used in industrial reactions | How temperature, pressure, concentration and a catalyst change the time to reach equilibrium, rate against position of equilibrium, and why the Haber process compromises on temperature, pressure and yield. | 13 |
| Fertilisers and ammonium salts | The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that fertilisers supply and why they must be soluble compounds, what NPK means, making ammonium nitrate by neutralising ammonia with nitric acid, why it is an effective fertiliser, and crystallising it from solution. | 14 |
| Preparing ammonium sulfate in the lab and in industry | Preparing ammonium sulfate in the laboratory from ammonia solution and dilute sulfuric acid by titration and crystallisation, its equation, and how and why the continuous, several-stage industrial process differs from the laboratory method. | 8 |
| Chemical cells and fuel cells | What a chemical cell is and why it stops producing a voltage, non-rechargeable and rechargeable cells, cells in series, and the hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell, its reactants, equation and water product, and why it needs no recharging and emits no carbon dioxide. | 13 |
| Evaluating fuel cells | The advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells, their use on spacecraft, the difficulty and danger of storing hydrogen, whether they are as clean as they seem, and comparing them with rechargeable batteries for cars and remote sites. | 9 |
How the guide is worked
Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.
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Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
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Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
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Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.
Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.
Nearby topics
Edexcel GCSE Chemistry, Higher tier Active Recall Guide
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