Look inside the Edexcel GCSE Combined Science Chemistry, Foundation tier guide (1SC0)

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Edexcel · GCSE · 1SC0
Combined Chemistry Foundation
Active Recall Guide
1,206 questions
Combined Chemistry FoundationContents
Contents
7 topics, 86 subtopics
  1. Key Concepts in Chemistry359
  2. States of Matter and Mixtures118
  3. Chemical Changes222
  4. Extracting Metals and Equilibria99
  5. Groups in the Periodic Table99
  6. Rates of Reaction and Energy Changes119
  7. Fuels and Earth Science190
ii
States of Matter and MixturesQuestions
States of Matter and Mixtures
The three states of matter and changes of state
  1. How are the particles arranged in a solid?
  2. How do the particles in a solid move?
  3. Describe the arrangement of the particles in a liquid.
  4. How do the particles in a liquid move?
  5. Describe the arrangement and movement of the particles in a gas.
  6. Put the three states of matter in order of increasing energy of their particles.
  7. Why can a gas be compressed much more easily than a solid?
  8. Why does a solid keep a fixed shape while a liquid does not?
  9. Name the change of state when a solid turns into a liquid, and the change when a liquid turns into a solid.
12
States of Matter and MixturesAnswers
Answers
The three states of matter and changes of state
  1. They are packed closely together in a regular, fixed pattern.
  2. They vibrate about fixed positions and cannot move from place to place.
  3. They are still close together but are arranged randomly rather than in a regular pattern.
  4. They slide past one another randomly, so a liquid can flow and take the shape of its container.
  5. They are spread far apart in a random arrangement and move quickly in all directions.
  6. Solid particles have the least energy, liquid particles have more, and gas particles have the most.
  7. Its particles are far apart with large spaces between them, whereas the particles in a solid are already touching.
  8. Solid particles are held in fixed positions, whereas liquid particles can move past one another.
  9. A solid turning into a liquid is melting, and a liquid turning into a solid is freezing.
13
Chemical ChangesQuestions
Chemical Changes
Indicators: litmus, methyl orange and phenolphthalein
  1. State the colour of litmus in an acidic solution.
  2. State the colour of litmus in an alkaline solution.
  3. State the colour of methyl orange in an acidic solution.
  4. State the colour of methyl orange in an alkaline solution.
  5. State the colour of phenolphthalein in an acidic solution.
  6. State the colour of phenolphthalein in an alkaline solution.
  7. A few drops of phenolphthalein turn a colourless solution pink. Deduce what this shows about the solution.
  8. Suggest why litmus is less useful than phenolphthalein for showing the exact point at which an acid has been neutralised.
34
Chemical ChangesAnswers
Answers
Indicators: litmus, methyl orange and phenolphthalein
  1. Litmus is red in an acidic solution.
  2. Litmus is blue in an alkaline solution.
  3. Methyl orange is red in an acidic solution.
  4. Methyl orange is yellow in an alkaline solution.
  5. Phenolphthalein is colourless in an acidic solution.
  6. Phenolphthalein is pink in an alkaline solution.
  7. The solution is alkaline, so it contains hydroxide ions.
  8. Litmus changes gradually through a purple shade rather than giving one sharp colour change.
35
Rates of Reaction and Energy ChangesQuestions
Rates of Reaction and Energy Changes
Investigating the rate of a reaction
  1. Which two substances are reacted together in the investigation that follows a reaction rate by collecting a gas?
  2. Name the gas given off when hydrochloric acid reacts with marble chips.
  3. State two pieces of apparatus that can be used to measure the volume of gas released from acid and marble chips.
  4. Apart from collecting the gas, how else can the progress of the marble chip and acid reaction be followed?
  5. When the effect of chip size is investigated with acid and marble, which variable is changed and which must be held constant?
  6. Why are readings of gas volume taken every few seconds rather than only at the end of the reaction?
  7. Give two sources of error when a gas syringe is used to follow the marble chip reaction.
  8. Why is following loss of mass unsuitable when the gas produced is hydrogen?
  9. What do the results of the marble chip investigation show about using smaller chips?
56
Rates of Reaction and Energy ChangesAnswers
Answers
Investigating the rate of a reaction
  1. Dilute hydrochloric acid is reacted with marble chips, which are calcium carbonate.
  2. Carbon dioxide.
  3. A gas syringe, or an inverted measuring cylinder filled with water over a trough.
  4. The flask can stand on a balance and the loss in mass be recorded at regular time intervals.
  5. The size of the marble chips is changed, while the concentration and volume of acid, the mass of marble and the temperature are kept the same.
  6. Regular readings show how the rate changes as the reaction proceeds, not just the total amount of gas made.
  7. Some gas escapes before the bung is pushed in, and the syringe plunger can stick so the volume read is too low.
  8. Hydrogen has such a low mass that the balance shows almost no change.
  9. Smaller chips give gas faster at the start because a greater total surface area is exposed to the acid.
57
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86 subtopics

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1,206 questions
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How the guide is worked

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  1. Step 1 · Closed book

    Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.

  2. Step 2 · Open book

    Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.

  3. Step 3 · Closed book again

    Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.

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