Applied Anatomy and Physiology | Edexcel GCSE Physical Education (1PE0)

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

179 questions
11 subtopics
Component 1
Component 1

Applied Anatomy and Physiology is examined in Component 1, Fitness and Body Systems.

It covers functions and classification of bones, bones of the skeleton and the vertebral column, joints and the movements they allow, ligaments, tendons and muscle types, voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs, fast and slow twitch muscle fibres, the heart, circulation and blood, blood vessels and vascular shunting, breathing, lung volumes and gas exchange, aerobic and anaerobic energy release and short-term effects of exercise.

Sample questions from Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.

Functions and classification of bones

Which two minerals does the skeleton store?

Show the answer
The skeleton stores calcium and phosphorus.
Bones of the skeleton and the vertebral column

Why are the lumbar vertebrae larger than the vertebrae above them?

Show the answer
The lumbar vertebrae carry most of the weight of the upper body. The lumbar region takes large loads when a weightlifter lifts a bar from the floor.
Joints and the movements they allow

Which type of joint is the wrist, and what movements can it perform?

Show the answer
The wrist is a condyloid joint. A condyloid joint allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction, but not rotation.
Ligaments, tendons and muscle types

Which tendon joins the gastrocnemius to the heel, and why does it matter to a sprinter?

Show the answer
The Achilles tendon joins the gastrocnemius to the heel bone. The Achilles tendon carries the force that points the foot as the sprinter drives off.
Voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs

Where are the hip flexors, and what is their function?

Show the answer
The hip flexors lie at the front of the hip and top of the thigh. The hip flexors flex the leg at the hip, as when a sprinter drives the knee up.
Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres

What are the characteristics of type IIx fibres?

Show the answer
Type IIx fibres contract very quickly and produce the greatest force of any fibre type. Type IIx fibres fatigue very quickly.
The heart, circulation and blood

Why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Show the answer
The left ventricle must pump blood all around the body at high pressure. The right ventricle only pumps blood the short distance to the lungs.
Blood vessels and vascular shunting

What is the function of capillaries?

Show the answer
Capillaries are where substances pass between the blood and the tissues. Oxygen and glucose pass into the muscles, and carbon dioxide passes into the blood.

The 11 subtopics

One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.

Subtopic	What it covers	Questions
Functions and classification of bones	How the skeleton protects organs, anchors muscles, allows movement, makes blood cells and stores calcium and phosphorus, and long, short, flat and irregular bones in sport.	15
Bones of the skeleton and the vertebral column	The cranium, clavicle, scapula, ribs and sternum, the five regions of the vertebral column, and the bones of the arm, hand, leg and foot with their roles in sport.	18
Joints and the movements they allow	Pivot, hinge, ball and socket and condyloid joints, why each allows the range it does, and flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction, plantar-flexion and dorsi-flexion.	16
Ligaments, tendons and muscle types	Ligaments and tendons and their roles, voluntary, involuntary and cardiac muscle, and how the skeletal and muscular systems work together.	16
Voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs	The location and function of the twelve named voluntary muscles, and the antagonistic pairs at the elbow, knee, ankle and hip in sporting actions.	18
Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres	Type I, type IIa and type IIx muscle fibres, their characteristics, and which events and positions each fibre type suits.	14
The heart, circulation and blood	The functions of the cardiovascular system, the chambers, septum and valves of the heart, the route of blood through it, and red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma.	17
Blood vessels and vascular shunting	The structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries, blood pressure during exercise, vasoconstriction, vasodilation and vascular shunting.	16
Breathing, lung volumes and gas exchange	Inhaled and exhaled air, tidal volume and vital capacity, spirometer traces, the respiratory structures, and gas exchange at the alveoli and muscles.	16
Aerobic and anaerobic energy release	Aerobic and anaerobic energy release with their word equations, lactic acid, and the use of fats and carbohydrates as fuels in different activities.	15
Short-term effects of exercise	Lactate accumulation and muscle fatigue, the rise in heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output with worked calculations, faster and deeper breathing, and reading heart rate graphs.	18

Applied Anatomy and Physiology is 179 of the 678 questions in the guide.Get the guide, £7

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.