Look inside the Edexcel GCSE Psychology guide (1PS0)

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Look inside the Edexcel GCSE Psychology guide

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Edexcel · GCSE · 1PS0
Psychology
Active Recall Guide
891 questions
PsychologyContents
Contents
11 topics, 55 subtopics
  1. Development85
  2. Memory81
  3. Psychological Problems92
  4. The Brain and Neuropsychology68
  5. Social Influence78
  6. Criminal Psychology64
  7. The Self80
  8. Perception63
  9. Sleep and Dreaming66
  10. Language, Thought and Communication77
  11. Research Methods137
ii
MemoryQuestions
Memory
Information processing, duration and capacity
  1. What is the information processing approach to memory?
  2. What is input in the information processing approach?
  3. What happens at the processing stage of memory?
  4. What is output in the information processing approach?
  5. Define encoding.
  6. Define storage in memory.
  7. Define retrieval.
  8. You remember a phone number by repeating its sound in your head. What type of encoding is this?
  9. A student knows an answer but cannot bring it to mind in an exam. Which memory process has failed?
12
MemoryAnswers
Answers
Information processing, duration and capacity
  1. The information processing approach compares the mind to a computer. Information passes through the stages of input, processing and output.
  2. Input is information from the environment entering the memory system through the senses.
  3. Processing is the stage where incoming information is organised and changed into a form that can be stored.
  4. Output is information retrieved from memory and used, such as an answer or an action.
  5. Encoding is converting information into a form that memory can store. Information can be encoded visually, acoustically or by meaning.
  6. Storage is holding information in the memory system over time.
  7. Retrieval is getting stored information back out of memory when it is needed.
  8. The number is encoded acoustically, by its sound.
  9. Retrieval has failed. The information is stored but cannot be accessed.
13
Social InfluenceQuestions
Social Influence
Obedience to authority
  1. What is obedience?
  2. How does obedience differ from conformity?
  3. What did Milgram (1963) find about obedience to authority?
  4. What is agency theory?
  5. What is the authoritarian personality?
  6. What evidence links the authoritarian personality to obedience?
  7. How does locus of control relate to obedience?
  8. How did the closeness of the victim affect obedience in Milgram's variations?
  9. How did the presence of the authority figure affect obedience in Milgram's research?
34
Social InfluenceAnswers
Answers
Obedience to authority
  1. Obedience is following a direct order from a person in authority. The person obeying might not have acted that way without the order.
  2. Obedience responds to a direct order from someone with higher status. Conformity responds to the unspoken pressure of a group of equals.
  3. Milgram found that 65% of his 40 male participants gave what they believed was the maximum 450-volt shock. All of the participants went to at least 300 volts.
  4. Agency theory says people obey by shifting from an autonomous state into an agentic state. A person in the agentic state acts for the authority and no longer feels responsible.
  5. The authoritarian personality describes a rigid thinker with great respect for authority and hostility towards people of lower status. Adorno and colleagues linked it to a strict upbringing.
  6. People with an authoritarian personality believe orders from those in charge should be followed without question. Obedient participants in Milgram's research scored higher on the F-scale, which measures authoritarianism.
  7. People with an internal locus of control take responsibility for their actions and are more likely to resist orders. People with an external locus of control are more likely to obey.
  8. Obedience fell to 40% when the learner was in the same room as the teacher. Obedience fell to 30% when the teacher had to press the learner's hand onto a shock plate.
  9. Obedience fell to about 20% when the experimenter gave orders by telephone from another room. Some participants pretended to give shocks when they were not watched.
35
Sleep and DreamingQuestions
Sleep and Dreaming
Sleep stages and the sleep cycle
  1. What are the main functions of sleep?
  2. How does restoration theory explain why we sleep?
  3. What are the effects of going without enough sleep?
  4. What is the difference between REM and non-REM sleep?
  5. Describe stage 1 of sleep.
  6. Describe stage 2 of sleep.
  7. Describe stage 3 of sleep.
  8. Describe stage 4 of sleep.
  9. Why is REM sleep sometimes called paradoxical sleep?
56
Sleep and DreamingAnswers
Answers
Sleep stages and the sleep cycle
  1. Sleep allows the body to repair tissue and restore energy. Sleep also helps the brain process and consolidate memories.
  2. Restoration theory says sleep lets the body and brain recover from the day's activity. Deep sleep is linked to body repair, and REM sleep to brain recovery.
  3. Lack of sleep causes tiredness, irritability and poor concentration. Long-term sleep loss is linked to weaker immunity and poorer memory.
  4. REM sleep involves rapid eye movements, an active brain and vivid dreaming. Non-REM sleep covers stages 1 to 4, when brain activity slows down.
  5. Stage 1 is a light sleep between waking and sleeping. A person in stage 1 is easily woken, and brain waves slow to theta waves.
  6. Stage 2 is a slightly deeper sleep in which heart rate and body temperature fall. Brain activity shows short bursts called sleep spindles.
  7. Stage 3 is the start of deep sleep, when slow, large delta waves appear. The sleeper becomes harder to wake.
  8. Stage 4 is the deepest sleep, dominated by delta waves. The sleeper is very hard to wake, and growth hormone is released.
  9. The brain is highly active, much as when awake, yet the major muscles are paralysed. An active brain in an immobile body seems contradictory.
57
Keep going
891
questions
55 subtopics

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891 questions
Across 55 subtopics, every one of them from specification 1PS0.
One PDF
Print it, or work from a screen with a notebook beside you.
Answers after, not beside
Covering the answers is a matter of not turning the page, which is what makes the closed-book pass possible.

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

  1. Step 1 · Closed book

    Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.

  2. Step 2 · Open book

    Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.

  3. Step 3 · Closed book again

    Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.

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