Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B sample questions and answers (1RB0)

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168 sample questions and answers

Taken from every topic of Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B, specification 1RB0. The full guide has 5,266.

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Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Catholic Christianity: Catholic Beliefs

99 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The Trinity in the Nicene Creed and Catholic worship

    What does the Nicene Creed say the Holy Spirit has done?

    Show the answer
    The Creed says the Holy Spirit “has spoken through the prophets”. The Spirit is adored and glorified together with the Father and the Son.

  2. The Trinity in the Bible and the early Church councils

    Apart from the baptism of Jesus, which passage do Catholics use to show that the Trinity is biblical?

    Show the answer
    Catholics point to the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19. Jesus commands his followers to baptise in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.

  3. The Creation account and the nature of God

    What is a metaphorical interpretation of the Creation account?

    Show the answer
    A metaphorical interpretation reads Genesis 1–3 as symbolic stories that teach religious truths. The stories explain why the world exists rather than how it was made.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Catholic Christianity: Living the Catholic Life

105 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The seven sacraments and the sacramental nature of reality

    What is the meaning and effect of Baptism?

    Show the answer
    Baptism washes away original sin and welcomes a person into the Church. The baptised person is born into new life as a child of God.

  2. The Mass as the source and summit of Christian life

    What happens in the Introductory Rites of the Mass?

    Show the answer
    The priest greets the people and leads the Penitential Act, in which all ask for God's mercy. The Gloria is sung on Sundays outside Advent and Lent.

  3. The Catholic funeral rite

    What is the Funeral Mass?

    Show the answer
    The Funeral Mass, or Requiem Mass, is the central celebration of the funeral rite. The Church offers the sacrifice of Christ for the soul of the deceased.

Paper 1

Catholic Christianity: Marriage and the Family

99 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The importance and purpose of marriage for Catholics

    What is meant by the sanctity of marriage?

    Show the answer
    The sanctity of marriage is the belief that marriage is holy because God created it. A marriage should therefore be protected and never entered lightly.

  2. Catholic teaching on sexual relationships

    What does the Catechism (2363) call the twofold end of marriage?

    Show the answer
    The Catechism names the good of the spouses and the transmission of life. The two meanings of married love cannot be separated.

  3. Catholic teaching on the purpose of the family and family types

    What is Familiaris Consortio?

    Show the answer
    Familiaris Consortio is Pope John Paul II's apostolic exhortation on the Christian family, written in 1981. The document sets out the role of the family in society and in the Church.

Paper 1

Catholic Christianity: Matters of Life and Death

95 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Catholic responses to the origins and value of the universe

    Why did Lemaître not want the Big Bang used as proof of creation?

    Show the answer
    Lemaître believed science and faith answer different kinds of question. Lemaître was uneasy when Pope Pius XII linked the theory to creation in 1951.

  2. The sanctity of life in Catholic teaching

    What does the Fifth Commandment teach about human life?

    Show the answer
    The Fifth Commandment says, “You shall not kill”. Catholics understand it to forbid the deliberate killing of innocent human life.

  3. Catholic responses to evolution and survival of the fittest

    What did Pope Francis say about the Big Bang in his 2014 address?

    Show the answer
    Pope Francis said the Big Bang does not contradict the intervention of a divine creator but requires it.

Paper 2

Catholic Christianity: Crime and Punishment

95 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Catholic attitudes towards justice

    What does Micah 3 warn will happen because of injustice?

    Show the answer
    Micah warns that Jerusalem will become a heap of ruins because of its leaders' corruption. God will not answer the prayers of those who do evil.

  2. Catholic attitudes towards crime and the work of Prison Fellowship

    How does Jesus treat the woman in John 8:10–11?

    Show the answer
    Jesus tells the woman that he does not condemn her. Jesus tells her to go and sin no more.

  3. Catholic teachings about good, evil and suffering

    Why does God allow people to commit evil actions, according to Catholic teaching?

    Show the answer
    God gives humans free will so that they can freely choose to love. Genuine freedom means people can also choose evil.

Paper 2

Catholic Christianity: Peace and Conflict

97 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Catholic attitudes towards peace and Jesus as the Prince of Peace

    What does Gaudium et Spes teach about peace?

    Show the answer
    The Second Vatican Council taught that peace is “the work of justice”. Peace must be built constantly and is never achieved once and for all.

  2. Catholic peacemaking and the work of Pax Christi

    Why is justice important in Catholic peacemaking?

    Show the answer
    Injustice such as poverty and oppression causes resentment and conflict. Lasting peace is impossible unless people are treated fairly.

  3. Catholic attitudes to the causes and problems of conflict

    What does Jesus say in Matthew 26:52 when a disciple uses a sword?

    Show the answer
    Jesus says, “Put your sword back into its place, for all who take the sword will perish by the sword”. Jesus rejects violence to defend himself.

Paper 3

Catholic Christianity: Philosophy of Religion

99 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Catholic understanding of Jesus as the culmination of revelation

    What does Hebrews 1:1 say about how God spoke in the past?

    Show the answer
    Hebrews 1:1 says God spoke in many and various ways to the ancestors through the prophets. The messages of the prophets were partial and prepared for Christ.

  2. Visions and Catholic belief in God

    What happens at the Transfiguration in Matthew 17:1–8?

    Show the answer
    Jesus takes Peter, James and John up a high mountain, where his face shines like the sun. Moses and Elijah appear, and a voice from a cloud tells the disciples to listen to God's beloved Son.

  3. Miracles and Catholic belief in God

    How does the Lourdes Medical Bureau test claimed healings?

    Show the answer
    Doctors examine whether a cure is sudden, complete, lasting and medically inexplicable. Only then can the Church declare the cure a miracle.

Paper 3

Catholic Christianity: Equality

94 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Catholic teaching on human rights

    What did Pope John XXIII teach about human rights in Pacem in Terris?

    Show the answer
    Pacem in Terris (1963) lists rights including life, food, shelter, education, work and freedom of worship. Every right comes with a matching duty to respect the rights of others.

  2. Catholic attitudes towards equality and inequality

    Why does the Catholic Church teach that equality does not mean everyone is the same?

    Show the answer
    The Church teaches that people have different gifts and talents given by God. Differences should enrich society, never justify unfair treatment.

  3. Catholic attitudes towards religious freedom and a multi-faith society

    What is a multi-faith society?

    Show the answer
    A multi-faith society is one in which people of many religions and none live side by side. The UK is a multi-faith society.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Christianity: Christian Beliefs

92 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The Trinity in Christian belief

    What do Christians believe about God the Son?

    Show the answer
    God the Son is Jesus Christ, who became human while remaining fully God. Jesus reveals what God is like and saves people from sin.

  2. Christian beliefs about creation

    How do literalist Christians understand the creation accounts in Genesis?

    Show the answer
    Literalist Christians believe Genesis describes creation exactly as it happened. Many of these creationists hold that the world was made in six 24-hour days.

  3. The Incarnation of Jesus

    Which verse of John 1 is the clearest statement of the Incarnation?

    Show the answer
    John 1:14 says the Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. The eternal Word took on human nature in Jesus.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Christianity: Living the Christian Life

90 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Liturgical and non-liturgical Christian worship

    Why do many Christians value liturgical worship?

    Show the answer
    Liturgy connects worshippers with Christians across the world and through history. Familiar words help people worship together without distraction.

  2. Baptism, the Eucharist and the Christian sacraments

    What do Articles XXV–XXXVI of the 39 Articles teach about the sacraments?

    Show the answer
    Article XXV names baptism and the Lord's Supper as the two sacraments ordained by Christ. The Articles deny that the other five have the same status.

  3. Types of Christian prayer and the Lord's Prayer

    When might a Christian use set prayer?

    Show the answer
    Set prayer suits public worship, where a congregation speaks the same words together. Set words also help when a person cannot find their own.

Paper 1

Christianity: Marriage and the Family

86 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The purpose of marriage for Christians

    What do Christians mean by the sanctity of marriage?

    Show the answer
    The sanctity of marriage means that marriage is holy and blessed by God. The vows are sacred promises that should not be broken.

  2. Christian teachings on sexual relationships

    Why do many Christians oppose adultery?

    Show the answer
    Adultery breaks the marriage vows and is forbidden by the Ten Commandments. Adultery also causes deep hurt to the family.

  3. The purpose of the Christian family

    What does Ephesians 6:1–4 teach about the family?

    Show the answer
    Children should obey and honour their parents. Fathers should not exasperate their children but bring them up in the Lord's instruction.

Paper 1

Christianity: Matters of Life and Death

85 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Christian responses to the Big Bang and the value of the universe

    How do many Christians reconcile the Big Bang with belief in God?

    Show the answer
    Many Christians believe God caused the Big Bang and guided what followed. Science explains how the universe began, and faith explains why.

  2. The sanctity of life in Christian teaching

    What does the sixth commandment teach about life?

    Show the answer
    The sixth commandment says "You shall not murder". Christians see taking innocent life as a serious sin.

  3. Christian responses to evolution and the origins of human life

    How does evolution challenge a literal reading of Genesis?

    Show the answer
    Evolution says humans developed from earlier species over millions of years. Genesis describes God making Adam directly from dust.

Paper 2

Christianity: Crime and Punishment

85 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Christian attitudes to justice

    What does Micah 6:8 say the Lord requires?

    Show the answer
    Micah 6:8 says the Lord requires people to act justly, love mercy and walk humbly with God. Christians often use it to sum up a just life.

  2. Christian attitudes to crime and the work of Prison Fellowship and Street Pastors

    What happens in John 8:1–11?

    Show the answer
    Religious leaders bring Jesus a woman caught in adultery and ask whether she should be stoned. Jesus says, "Let any one of you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone".

  3. Christian teachings about good actions, evil actions and why people suffer

    What does the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats teach about reward and punishment?

    Show the answer
    The sheep, who helped people in need, are welcomed into eternal life. The goats, who ignored people in need, are sent away to punishment.

Paper 2

Christianity: Peace and Conflict

88 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Christian attitudes to peace and Jesus as a peacemaker

    What do Church teachings say about peace?

    Show the answer
    Churches teach that peace depends on justice, respect for human rights and forgiveness. Every Church calls on Christians to work and pray for peace.

  2. Christian peacemaking and the work of Pax Christi

    Why is justice important in Christian peacemaking?

    Show the answer
    Injustice is a major cause of conflict. Lasting peace requires fairness for all sides.

  3. Christian attitudes to conflict and its causes

    What happens in Matthew 26:47–56?

    Show the answer
    When Jesus is arrested, one of his followers strikes the high priest's servant with a sword. Jesus tells him to put the sword away.

Paper 3

Christianity: Philosophy of Religion

85 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Revelation as evidence for God in Christianity

    How is revelation shown in God's covenant with Abraham?

    Show the answer
    God promised Abraham descendants as many as the stars and a land for them. Abraham trusted God, and his faith was counted as righteousness.

  2. Visions as evidence for God in Christianity

    What does the Transfiguration show Christians about Jesus?

    Show the answer
    The Transfiguration shows Jesus' divine glory. The voice from the cloud confirms that Jesus is God's beloved Son.

  3. Miracles as evidence for God in Christianity

    What other biblical miracles do Christians point to?

    Show the answer
    Jesus fed five thousand people, calmed a storm and raised Lazarus from the dead. The greatest miracle for Christians is the resurrection.

Paper 3

Christianity: Equality

84 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Christian teaching on human rights

    What does Proverbs 14:31 teach?

    Show the answer
    Proverbs 14:31 says whoever oppresses the poor shows contempt for their Maker. Whoever is kind to the needy honours God.

  2. Christian attitudes to equality

    How does Genesis 1:27 support Christian belief in equality?

    Show the answer
    Every human being is made in the image of God. All people therefore share equal worth.

  3. Christian attitudes to religious freedom

    Why do Christians support religious freedom?

    Show the answer
    Christians believe faith must be freely chosen to be genuine. Forcing belief on anyone is disrespect for their God-given freedom.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Islam: Muslim Beliefs

97 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The Six Beliefs of Sunni Islam

    What happens in the Hadith of Jibril?

    Show the answer
    The angel Jibril, in human form, questions Muhammad about islam, iman and ihsan. Muhammad's answers set out the core of Muslim faith and practice.

  2. The Five Roots of Usul ad-Din in Shi'a Islam

    What does the root of 'Adl teach Shi'a Muslims?

    Show the answer
    'Adl teaches that Allah is perfectly just and never acts wrongly. Allah will reward and punish people fairly according to their freely chosen actions.

  3. The nature of Allah and Tawhid

    What does it mean to say Allah is immanent?

    Show the answer
    Allah is immanent, close to and involved in the world. Surah 50:16 says Allah is nearer to a person than their jugular vein.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Islam: Living the Muslim Life

102 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi'a Islam

    What does Surah 9:71–73 teach that supports the Ten Obligatory Acts?

    Show the answer
    Surah 9:71 says believing men and women are allies who enjoin good, forbid wrong, pray, give zakah and obey Allah. Surah 9:73 commands striving against disbelievers and hypocrites.

  2. Shahadah: the Muslim declaration of faith

    What does Surah 3:19 teach about Islam?

    Show the answer
    Surah 3:19 teaches that the true religion in Allah's sight is Islam, submission to him. Division came only after knowledge had reached people.

  3. Salah: Muslim prayer

    How does Shi'a wudu differ from Sunni wudu?

    Show the answer
    Sunni Muslims wash their feet during wudu. Shi'a Muslims wipe the head and feet with wet hands instead of washing the feet.

Paper 1

Islam: Marriage and the Family

96 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The purpose of marriage in Islam

    How do Muslims differ over polygamy today?

    Show the answer
    Many Muslims point out that Surah 4:129 says equal justice between wives is impossible, so they favour monogamy. Polygamous marriages cannot be legally registered in the UK.

  2. Muslim teaching on sexual relationships

    What is zina, and how does the Qur'an regard it?

    Show the answer
    Zina is sex outside marriage, including adultery and sex before marriage. The Qur'an calls zina a shameful act and an evil way (Surah 17:32).

  3. The purpose of the family in Islam

    What does Surah 46:17–18 warn against?

    Show the answer
    Surah 46:17 condemns a child who speaks with contempt to believing parents and mocks the resurrection. Children like this are counted among the losers, according to Surah 46:18.

Paper 1

Islam: Matters of Life and Death

95 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Muslim teaching on the origins and value of the universe

    Why do many Muslims believe the Qur'an and science are compatible?

    Show the answer
    Many Muslims believe truth cannot contradict truth, since Allah is the source of both revelation and nature. The Qur'an repeatedly urges people to reflect on creation.

  2. The sanctity of life in Islam

    How is Surah 4:29 used in Muslim ethics?

    Show the answer
    Many Muslims cite Surah 4:29 to show that suicide is forbidden. The verse is also used against harming one's own body.

  3. Muslim responses to evolution and scientific views of human life

    How do some Muslims use Surah 21:30–33 to show harmony with science?

    Show the answer
    Some Muslims see the separating of the heavens and earth as a description of the Big Bang. Surah 21:33 describes the sun and moon each floating in an orbit.

Paper 2

Islam: Crime and Punishment

91 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Muslim attitudes to justice

    Why is justice important for Muslims?

    Show the answer
    Allah is just and commands justice, so Muslims who act justly obey him. Justice protects the weak and keeps society at peace.

  2. Muslim attitudes to crime

    What causes of crime do Muslims recognise?

    Show the answer
    Muslims recognise poverty, greed, addiction, poor upbringing and mental illness as causes of crime. Islam tackles poverty through zakah and forbids alcohol and drugs.

  3. Muslim teaching on good, evil and suffering

    What does Surah 76:2–3 teach about human life?

    Show the answer
    Surah 76:2 says Allah created humans to test them and gave them hearing and sight. Surah 76:3 says Allah showed them the way, whether they are grateful or ungrateful.

Paper 2

Islam: Peace and Conflict

89 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Muslim attitudes to peace

    What is As-Salam?

    Show the answer
    As-Salam, meaning 'the Source of Peace', is one of the names of Allah (Surah 59:23). Paradise is called the Home of Peace, Dar as-Salam (Surah 10:25).

  2. Muslims and peacemaking

    What does Surah 41:31–33 teach about those who call others to good?

    Show the answer
    Surah 41:33 says no one speaks better than a person who calls to Allah and does good. Allah's angels are friends to believers in this life and the next (Surah 41:31).

  3. Muslim attitudes to conflict

    What does Surah 2:191 teach about persecution?

    Show the answer
    Surah 2:191 says that fitnah, persecution or oppression, is worse than killing. Muslims see ending oppression as a legitimate reason to resist.

Paper 3

Islam: Philosophy of Religion

93 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Revelation as proof of the existence of Allah

    What does Surah 34:48–49 teach about truth?

    Show the answer
    Surah 34:48–49 says Allah casts down the truth and the truth has come. Falsehood can neither begin nor restore anything.

  2. Visions and the existence of Allah

    Which visions besides Maryam's does the Qur'an describe?

    Show the answer
    Muhammad saw Jibril in his true form on the horizon (Surah 53:7–13). Yusuf dreamed of eleven stars, the sun and the moon bowing to him (Surah 12:4).

  3. Miracles and the existence of Allah

    What does Surah 17:89 teach about the Qur'an?

    Show the answer
    Surah 17:89 says Allah has set out every kind of example in the Qur'an for people. Most people still refuse anything but disbelief.

Paper 3

Islam: Equality

88 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Muslim teaching on human rights

    What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and how do Muslims respond to it?

    Show the answer
    The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in 1948. Many Muslims support it, while some want rights framed within shari'ah.

  2. Muslim attitudes to equality

    What causes of inequality do Muslims recognise?

    Show the answer
    Muslims recognise greed, discrimination, lack of education, corruption and unfair trade as causes of inequality. War and natural disasters also deepen it.

  3. Muslim attitudes to religious freedom

    What does Surah 109:6 teach about other religions?

    Show the answer
    Surah 109:6 says, 'To you your religion, and to me mine'. Many Muslims read it as accepting that others follow different faiths.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Buddhism: Buddhist Beliefs

103 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The life of the Buddha

    Describe the traditional account of Siddhattha's birth.

    Show the answer
    Queen Maya dreamed that a white elephant entered her side when she conceived. Siddhattha was born in the Lumbini grove, in present-day Nepal, and is said to have walked seven steps at once.

  2. Dhamma, dependent origination and the Three Marks of Existence

    How does dependent origination explain why beings are reborn?

    Show the answer
    Ignorance leads to craving and clinging, which lead to further becoming and birth. The removal of ignorance breaks the chain and ends rebirth.

  3. The First Noble Truth: dukkha

    Why is "suffering" an incomplete translation of dukkha?

    Show the answer
    Dukkha also means unsatisfactoriness, stress and imperfection. The word covers the dissatisfaction found even in happy experiences.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Buddhism: Living the Buddhist Life

98 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Buddhist meditation: samatha, metta bhavana, vipassana and zazen

    What is vipassana meditation?

    Show the answer
    Vipassana is insight meditation. The meditator observes body and mind closely to see anicca, dukkha and anatta directly.

  2. Buddhist chanting

    How does Dhammapada 1–2 explain why Buddhists chant?

    Show the answer
    A chant fills the mind with wholesome thoughts. The Dhammapada teaches that a mind purified in this way brings happiness.

  3. Mantra recitation, mala beads and offerings

    Why is mantra recitation less central in Theravada Buddhism?

    Show the answer
    Theravada Buddhism places its main emphasis on meditation, ethics and study of the suttas. Short formulas like Namo Buddhaya are used mainly as a support for concentration.

Paper 1

Buddhism: Marriage and the Family

92 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The purpose of marriage in Buddhism

    Why do some Buddhists see celibacy as an ideal?

    Show the answer
    Monks and nuns give up sex and marriage to devote themselves fully to the path. Sexual desire is a strong form of craving that ties a person to samsara.

  2. Buddhist teaching on sexual relationships

    How do Theravada monks view sexual activity?

    Show the answer
    Sexual intercourse is one of the four gravest offences for a Theravada monk. A monk who commits it is permanently expelled from the Sangha.

  3. The Buddhist family and its purpose

    Why did the Buddha reinterpret Sigala's worship of the six directions?

    Show the answer
    Sigala was bowing to the directions only as a ritual his father had asked for. The Buddha showed him that honouring the directions means keeping good relationships.

Paper 1

Buddhism: Matters of Life and Death

94 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Buddhist teaching on the origins and value of the universe

    What does the Dalai Lama say Buddhists should do if science disproves a traditional belief?

    Show the answer
    The Dalai Lama says Buddhists should accept clear scientific findings and abandon the old belief. Ancient Buddhist maps of the world around Mount Meru can therefore be set aside.

  2. The sanctity of life in Buddhism

    Why is human life especially precious in Buddhism?

    Show the answer
    A human birth is rare and is the best state from which to reach enlightenment. Gods are too content and animals too confused to practise the Dhamma easily.

  3. Buddhist responses to evolution and survival of the fittest

    Describe the parable of the poisoned arrow.

    Show the answer
    A man shot with a poisoned arrow refuses treatment until he knows who shot him and what bow was used. The man would die before he learned the answers.

Paper 2

Buddhism: Crime and Punishment

92 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Buddhist attitudes to justice

    Why is justice important for Buddhists?

    Show the answer
    Justice protects people from harm and lets them live in peace. A just society makes it easier for everyone to practise the Dhamma.

  2. Buddhist attitudes to crime and its causes

    What does Dhammapada 165 teach about purity and impurity?

    Show the answer
    Dhammapada 165 says evil is done by oneself, and by oneself one is made pure. Purity and impurity depend on oneself alone.

  3. Buddhist teaching on good, evil and suffering

    Why do Buddhists believe people suffer?

    Show the answer
    Buddhists believe suffering comes from craving, ignorance and the kamma of past actions. Some suffering also comes from illness, nature and the actions of others.

Paper 2

Buddhism: Peace and Conflict

90 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Buddhist attitudes to peace

    What does Dhammapada 205 teach about peace?

    Show the answer
    Dhammapada 205 says a person who has tasted solitude and the peace of nibbana is free from fear and wrongdoing.

  2. Buddhist peacemaking and the Buddhist Peace Fellowship

    How do the opening verses of the Dhammapada show that peace begins in the mind?

    Show the answer
    The Dhammapada opens by teaching that the mind shapes every word and deed. The work of peace therefore starts with calming one's own anger.

  3. Buddhist attitudes to conflict and its causes

    How does hatred cause conflict?

    Show the answer
    Hatred makes people see others as enemies to be defeated. Revenge then keeps the conflict going for generations.

Paper 3

Buddhism: Philosophy of Religion

96 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Buddhist teaching on the non-existence of a personal God

    How does the Buddha argue against a creator in the Devadaha Sutta?

    Show the answer
    The Buddha argued that if a creator caused suffering, those who suffer terribly must have been made by an evil creator. A good creator could not be the source of such pain.

  2. The devas, the Realm of Gods and the Wheel of Life

    How does the Buddha's meeting with the god Brahma show the status of devas?

    Show the answer
    Tradition says the god Brahma Sahampati begged the Buddha to teach after his enlightenment. Even the highest god needed the Buddha's teaching.

  3. Enlightenment as a Buddhist religious experience

    What does the Maha-Saccaka Sutta tell about the Buddha's search for enlightenment?

    Show the answer
    The Maha-Saccaka Sutta describes the Buddha's extreme austerities, such as holding his breath and eating almost nothing. The Buddha found that self-torment did not lead to awakening.

Paper 3

Buddhism: Equality

89 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Buddhist teaching on human rights

    How does upekkha support human rights?

    Show the answer
    Upekkha means seeing friend, stranger and enemy with equal regard. Human rights likewise apply to everyone, without favouritism.

  2. Buddhist attitudes to equality and the Lotus Sutra

    What happens in chapter 12 of the Lotus Sutra?

    Show the answer
    The eight-year-old daughter of the dragon king attains Buddhahood in an instant. The monk Sariputra had doubted that a female could become a Buddha.

  3. Buddhist attitudes to religious freedom

    How did the Emperor Ashoka show respect for other religions?

    Show the answer
    Ashoka's twelfth rock edict urged people to honour other faiths as well as their own. Ashoka warned that condemning another's faith harms one's own.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Hinduism: Hindu Beliefs

103 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The nature of Brahman in Hinduism

    Who teaches Nachiketas about Brahman in the Katha Upanishad?

    Show the answer
    Yama, the god of death, teaches the boy Nachiketas about Brahman and the self. Nachiketas had asked what happens after death.

  2. Nirguna Brahman, Saguna Brahman and Vaikuntha

    What does Taittiriya Upanishad 2.7 say a person gains by resting in the formless Brahman?

    Show the answer
    A person who finds support in the formless Brahman attains fearlessness. The passage also links Brahman with bliss.

  3. Brahman, Antaryami and Bhagavan: three aspects of the divine

    Which Purana names Brahman, Paramatma and Bhagavan as three names of one truth?

    Show the answer
    Bhagavata Purana 1.2.11 says knowers of the truth call the one reality Brahman, Paramatma or Bhagavan. The idea is especially important in Vaishnavism.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Hinduism: Living the Hindu Life

103 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Hindu yoga: karma, jnana, raja and bhakti

    Name four of the eight limbs of astanga yoga.

    Show the answer
    Four of the eight limbs are asana (posture), pranayama (breath control), dhyana (meditation) and samadhi (absorption).

  2. Hindu focuses of worship and representations of the divine

    Why do some Hindus worship at hills such as Govardhan?

    Show the answer
    The Bhagavata Purana tells how Krishna lifted Govardhan Hill to shelter villagers from a storm. Devotees walk round the hill as an act of worship.

  3. Hindu places of worship: temple, home and heart

    How can you tell a Shaiva temple from a Vaishnava one?

    Show the answer
    A Shaiva temple usually holds a Shiva lingam, with a statue of Nandi facing the shrine. A Vaishnava temple centres on murtis of Vishnu or his avatars.

Paper 1

Hinduism: Marriage and the Family

98 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The importance and purpose of Hindu marriage

    What does Rig Veda 10.85.42 wish for a married couple?

    Show the answer
    The verse asks the couple never to be parted and to live a full life. The couple should enjoy their home with children and grandchildren.

  2. Hindu teachings on sexual relationships

    What does Bhagavad Gita 5.22 say about pleasures that come from the senses?

    Show the answer
    Pleasures born of sense contact have a beginning and an end and lead to sorrow. The wise do not delight in them.

  3. The purpose of the Hindu family and types of family

    What fear does Arjuna express in Bhagavad Gita 1.37–43 about destroying families?

    Show the answer
    Arjuna fears that killing his kinsmen would destroy the family's traditions (kula dharma). Adharma would then overcome the whole family.

Paper 1

Hinduism: Matters of Life and Death

93 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Hindu responses to the origins and value of the universe

    What did the astronomer Carl Sagan say about Hindu cosmology?

    Show the answer
    Carl Sagan noted that Hinduism is the only great religion whose timescales match those of modern scientific cosmology.

  2. Hindu teachings on the sanctity of life

    How does Katha Upanishad 1.3.3 describe the self and the body?

    Show the answer
    The self is the lord of a chariot, and the body is the chariot. The intellect is the charioteer and the mind is the reins.

  3. Hindu responses to evolution and the origins of human life

    How does belief in samsara fit with evolution for some Hindus?

    Show the answer
    The atman passes through many forms of life, rising towards human birth. Some Hindus see biological evolution as the physical side of this journey.

Paper 2

Hinduism: Crime and Punishment

89 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Hindu attitudes to justice

    What story is told in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 5.2?

    Show the answer
    The gods, humans and demons each asked Prajapati, the creator, for teaching. Prajapati answered each with the single syllable “Da”.

  2. Hindu attitudes to crime and its causes

    What does Bhagavad Gita 14.18 say happens to people dominated by each guna?

    Show the answer
    People ruled by sattva rise upwards, and people ruled by rajas stay in the middle. People ruled by tamas sink downwards.

  3. Hindu teachings on good, evil and suffering

    How does the story of King Vena in Bhagavata Purana 4 show evil punished?

    Show the answer
    Vena was a proud, cruel king who banned worship and oppressed his people. The sages ended his life, and the good king Prithu came forth from his body.

Paper 2

Hinduism: Peace and Conflict

89 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Hindu attitudes to peace

    What does Bhagavad Gita 2.66 teach about peace?

    Show the answer
    Krishna teaches that the unsteady mind has no wisdom, and without meditation there is no peace. Without peace, there can be no happiness.

  2. Hindus as peacemakers: ahimsa and Mahatma Gandhi

    How do Hindus use Rig Veda 10.191.4 to support peacemaking?

    Show the answer
    Peacemakers work to bring divided people to a shared purpose. The verse shows that unity, not victory, is the goal of peace.

  3. Hindu attitudes to conflict in society

    How do Hindus respond to the problems caused by conflict?

    Show the answer
    Hindus support peace talks, relief for victims and work that heals divided communities. Seva brings aid to refugees and the injured.

Paper 3

Hinduism: Philosophy of Religion

96 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Revelation in Hindu scripture

    What are the Agamas?

    Show the answer
    The Agamas are Hindu scriptures on temple worship, ritual and devotion. Shaivas, Vaishnavas and Shaktas each have their own Agamas.

  2. Hindu attitudes to visions

    How does Arjuna react to the vision, and what does he ask?

    Show the answer
    Arjuna is filled with awe and terror and bows before Krishna. Arjuna asks Krishna to return to his gentle, familiar form.

  3. Hindu attitudes to numinous experiences

    How does Krishna answer Arjuna in Bhagavad Gita 12.2–5?

    Show the answer
    Krishna says those who fix their minds on him with faith are the most perfect. Worshippers of the unmanifest also reach him, but by a harder path.

Paper 3

Hinduism: Equality

87 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Hindu teaching on human rights

    What did Gandhi write to UNESCO in 1947 about rights and duties?

    Show the answer
    Gandhi wrote that he learned from his wise but illiterate mother that rights come from duty well done.

  2. Hindu attitudes to equality and caste

    How has Rig Veda 10.90 been used to justify inequality?

    Show the answer
    Some have used the verse to rank people by birth, placing Shudras lowest. The caste system that grew from this denied many people dignity.

  3. Hindu attitudes to religious freedom and a multi-faith society

    What does Bhagavad Gita 4.11 teach?

    Show the answer
    Krishna says that in whatever way people approach him, he receives them. All people follow Krishna's path in one way or another.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Judaism: Jewish Beliefs

99 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The nature of the Almighty in Judaism

    According to Genesis 2, what did the Almighty do on the seventh day?

    Show the answer
    The Almighty rested on the seventh day after finishing the work of creation. God blessed the seventh day and made it holy.

  2. Shekhinah, the divine presence

    How did the people respond to the Shekhinah in 2 Chronicles 7:1–3?

    Show the answer
    The people bowed with their faces to the ground and worshipped. The Israelites praised God because “his love endures for ever”.

  3. The Messiah and the Messianic Age

    Describe the Messianic Age.

    Show the answer
    The Messianic Age is a future time of universal peace, when war and hatred end. All people will know the Almighty and the Temple will be rebuilt in Jerusalem.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Judaism: Living the Jewish Life

105 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Jewish public worship and synagogue services

    What do Orthodox Jewish men wear for morning prayer?

    Show the answer
    Men wear a tallit, a prayer shawl with fringes called tzitzit. Men also wear tefillin on weekdays, small boxes containing Torah verses.

  2. The Tenakh, the Talmud and kashrut

    What is Perkei Avot?

    Show the answer
    Perkei Avot, also spelled Pirkei Avot, means “Ethics of the Fathers”. The book is a section of the Mishnah collecting the rabbis' moral sayings.

  3. Jewish prayer three times a day and in the home

    What does Psalm 55:22 teach about prayer?

    Show the answer
    Psalm 55:22 tells believers to cast their burden on the Lord, who will sustain them. Private prayer lets a Jew hand worries over to God.

Paper 1

Judaism: Marriage and the Family

99 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The purpose of marriage in Judaism

    Why is marriage important for passing on the Jewish faith?

    Show the answer
    A married couple builds a Jewish home, where Shabbat, festivals and kashrut are practised. Children learn their faith first from their parents.

  2. Jewish teachings on sexual relationships

    What is the Song of Songs, and how do Jews read it?

    Show the answer
    The Song of Songs is a book of love poetry between a man and a woman. Jews read it both as a celebration of human love and as an allegory of God's love for Israel.

  3. The purpose of the Jewish family

    What is a Jewish parent's duty to educate children?

    Show the answer
    Deuteronomy 6:7 commands parents to teach God's words diligently to their children. Parents teach Torah, Hebrew and Jewish practice, often with help from Jewish schools.

Paper 1

Judaism: Matters of Life and Death

97 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Judaism, science and the origins of the universe

    How did Nachmanides describe the beginning of creation?

    Show the answer
    The medieval rabbi Nachmanides wrote that God first created a tiny, formless substance from nothing. All matter then developed from that substance, which some Jews compare to the Big Bang.

  2. The value of life in the Tenakh

    What does Genesis 3 show about the freedom and fragility of human life?

    Show the answer
    Genesis 3 shows humans are free to choose, even to disobey God. God tells Adam he is dust and will return to dust, so human life is also fragile.

  3. Jewish responses to evolution

    What non-religious conclusion do some atheists draw from evolution?

    Show the answer
    Some atheists, such as Richard Dawkins, argue evolution shows that life needs no designer or God. Humans are then seen as highly developed animals.

Paper 2

Judaism: Crime and Punishment

98 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Jewish attitudes to justice

    Why does Deuteronomy 19:19–21 say the false witness must be punished?

    Show the answer
    The punishment purges evil from among the people. Justice is restored when the deceiver bears the harm he planned for another.

  2. Jewish attitudes to crime and its causes

    How does Deuteronomy 11 teach Jews to guard against wrongdoing?

    Show the answer
    Deuteronomy 11:18–19 tells Jews to fix God's words on their hearts and teach them to their children. Knowledge of the Torah helps people resist wrongdoing.

  3. Jewish teachings on good, evil and suffering

    How do Jews believe evil actions are punished?

    Show the answer
    Evil actions may be punished in this life, through courts or consequences, or after death. God judges all actions and always offers the chance to repent.

Paper 2

Judaism: Peace and Conflict

96 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Jewish teachings on peace

    What does Deuteronomy 20:11–12 teach if the offer of peace is accepted or refused?

    Show the answer
    If the city accepts peace, its people are spared and serve Israel. If the city refuses, Israel may besiege it.

  2. Jewish peacemaking

    Why is reconciliation important for Jewish peacemaking?

    Show the answer
    Reconciliation restores friendship between people or groups who were in conflict. An end to fighting only becomes a lasting peace through reconciliation.

  3. Jewish attitudes to conflict

    What does Isaiah 2:5 call the house of Jacob to do?

    Show the answer
    Isaiah 2:5 calls the house of Jacob to walk in the light of the Lord. Jews should live by God's ways now, not wait for the future.

Paper 3

Judaism: Religious Experience

97 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Revelation in the Tenakh

    What happens in Deuteronomy 31:14–15?

    Show the answer
    God appears to Moses and Joshua at the Tent of Meeting in a pillar of cloud. God then gives Joshua his charge to succeed Moses.

  2. Visions in Judaism

    What does God reveal about the future in Genesis 15?

    Show the answer
    God reveals that Abram's descendants will be strangers and slaves for four hundred years. God will then judge their oppressors and bring them out with great possessions.

  3. Miracles in Judaism

    What does the miracle of the manna show about the Almighty?

    Show the answer
    The manna shows that God provides for his people and cares for their daily needs. The miracle also tests whether Israel will trust God and keep his rules.

Paper 3

Judaism: Equality

97 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Jewish teaching on human rights

    How might Jews use Proverbs 14:31 to support human rights?

    Show the answer
    Proverbs 14:31 links how people treat the poor to how they treat God. The rights of the vulnerable must therefore be protected as a religious duty.

  2. Jewish attitudes to equality and ahavat ha-beriot

    What does Leviticus 19:16 forbid?

    Show the answer
    Leviticus 19:16 forbids spreading slander and standing idly by while a neighbour's life is in danger.

  3. Religious freedom and the story of Esther

    How did Esther risk her life for her people?

    Show the answer
    Esther approached the king without being summoned, which could mean death. Esther said, “If I perish, I perish”.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Sikhism: Sikh Beliefs

96 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The nature of God in the Mool Mantar

    What do Akal Moorat and Ajooni mean?

    Show the answer
    Akal Moorat means God is timeless and beyond death. Ajooni means God is unborn and never enters the cycle of rebirth.

  2. God as Creator (Karta Purakh)

    What does Ang 94 teach about God as Creator?

    Show the answer
    Ang 94 opens Raag Maajh with the Mool Mantar, naming God as Karta Purakh. Guru Ram Das's hymn there calls God the companion of every breath.

  3. Human life as the chance to unite with God

    What is the atma in Sikh belief?

    Show the answer
    The atma is the soul, a spark of God's light within every living being. The atma is eternal and does not die with the body.

Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3

Sikhism: Living the Sikh Life

104 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Features of the gurdwara

    What do Rahit Maryada Chapters 5 and 6 deal with?

    Show the answer
    Chapter 5 says only Gurbani and approved Sikh compositions are sung as kirtan. Chapter 6 explains taking the hukam from a randomly opened page.

  2. The role of the gurdwara and the Harmandir Sahib

    What other activities take place in a gurdwara, and why?

    Show the answer
    Gurdwaras host weddings, naming ceremonies and funeral prayers so that the sangat shares each stage of life. Many also run Gurmukhi and kirtan classes.

  3. The history and purpose of langar

    Who composed the hymn about the langar on Ang 967?

    Show the answer
    The court minstrel Balwand composed it, in the Ramkali ki Vaar he wrote with Satta. The hymn praises Guru Angad and the Guru's kitchen.

Paper 1

Sikhism: Marriage and the Family

95 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The purpose of marriage in Sikhism

    What do the second and third lavan teach?

    Show the answer
    The second lav speaks of losing ego and feeling awe before God. The third lav speaks of growing love for God in the company of the holy.

  2. Sikh teaching on sexual relationships

    What does the Rahit Maryada say about adultery?

    Show the answer
    Adultery is one of the four acts forbidden to Khalsa Sikhs. The Rahit Maryada tells Sikhs to see another's wife as a mother and another's daughter as a daughter.

  3. The purpose of the Sikh family

    What does Ang 71 teach that Sikhs apply to family life?

    Show the answer
    Ang 71 lists the householder among many kinds of spiritual seeker. Sikhs take it to show that family life can lead to God.

Paper 1

Sikhism: Matters of Life and Death

95 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Sikh responses to the origins and value of the universe

    How do scientific and Sikh accounts of the universe differ?

    Show the answer
    Science explains how the universe developed through natural laws. Sikhism explains why it exists, as the creation of God.

  2. Sikh teaching on the sanctity of life

    How does the belief that God is in every person affect Sikh ethics?

    Show the answer
    Sikhs must treat every life with respect and compassion. Murder, cruelty and neglect all violate the God within.

  3. Sikh responses to evolution

    What does survival of the fittest mean, in the evolution debate Sikhs respond to?

    Show the answer
    Survival of the fittest means organisms best suited to their environment live and reproduce. Weaker ones die out over time.

Paper 2

Sikhism: Crime and Punishment

91 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Sikh attitudes to justice

    How did the Gurus show the importance of justice?

    Show the answer
    Guru Nanak spoke out against the cruelty of rulers and invaders. Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa to protect the oppressed.

  2. Sikh attitudes to crime and the Five Thieves

    What does Ang 61 teach about the causes of wrongdoing?

    Show the answer
    Ang 61 teaches that the world is plundered by riches, youth, greed and ego. Emotional attachment is a drug that destroys people.

  3. Sikh teaching on good, evil and suffering

    Why do many non-religious people say people suffer, in contrast to Sikh ideas of karma?

    Show the answer
    Many atheists say suffering comes from natural causes, such as disease and disasters, and from human cruelty. Suffering has no deeper purpose on this view.

Paper 2

Sikhism: Peace and Conflict

93 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Sikh teaching on peace

    How do Sikhs seek inner peace?

    Show the answer
    Sikhs seek inner peace through remembering God, prayer and humble service. Santokh, contentment, frees the mind from restless desire.

  2. Sikhs and peacemaking

    What does reconciliation mean in Sikh peacemaking?

    Show the answer
    Reconciliation means restoring friendship after conflict. Former enemies learn to live and work together.

  3. Sikh attitudes to conflict

    What problems does conflict cause within society, according to Sikhs?

    Show the answer
    Conflict causes death, injury, homelessness and refugees. Conflict also breeds hatred that can last for generations.

Paper 3

Sikhism: Philosophy of Religion

81 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Gurbani and Guru Nanak's revelation at the river

    What are the Janamsakhis?

    Show the answer
    The Janamsakhis are traditional life stories of Guru Nanak, written down after his death. Janamsakhis narrate the river experience and his travels.

  2. Visions and mystical experiences in Sikhism

    How is Ang 263 linked to mystical experience?

    Show the answer
    The Sukhmani Sahib teaches that remembering God fills the heart with the Name. Sikhs believe this can lead to a direct inner experience of God.

  3. Numinous experience, vismaad and enlightenment in Sikhism

    How can Ang 448 describe a numinous experience?

    Show the answer
    The hymn expresses awe at a God too great to describe yet present in every heart. The worshipper feels wonder before the infinite.

Paper 3

Sikhism: Equality

82 questions in the guide, across 8 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Sikh teaching on human rights

    How did Guru Tegh Bahadur defend the rights of others?

    Show the answer
    Guru Tegh Bahadur gave his life in 1675 to defend Kashmiri Hindus forced to convert. Guru Tegh Bahadur upheld the right to follow a faith that was not his own.

  2. Sikh attitudes to equality and solutions to inequality

    Which Sikh practices reflect equality?

    Show the answer
    Everyone sits together for langar and receives the same karah prashad. Any Sikh, man or woman, may read the Guru Granth Sahib in the gurdwara.

  3. Sikh attitudes to religious freedom and a multi-faith society

    Why do Sikhs value religious freedom?

    Show the answer
    The Gurus taught that no one should be forced to believe. Faith must come from the heart to be genuine.

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