Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration | OCR GCSE History A (J410)

Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration

141 questions
12 subtopics
Paper 3
Paper 3

Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration is examined in Paper 3, British depth study with a study of the historic environment.

It covers when immigrant groups arrived, why and from where, spitalfields: who came, when and why, where immigrants settled and how they were received, settling in Spitalfields, and how newcomers were received, the experiences of immigrants, work, housing and faith in Spitalfields, key events in local migration history, altab Ali, Brick Lane 1978 and other key events in Spitalfields, the impact of migration on the area, spitalfields today: impact and the multicultural community, reading an urban site for its migration history and reading the buildings, maps and records of Spitalfields.

Sample questions from Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration

Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.

When immigrant groups arrived, why and from where

Which conditions in a town attract migrants towards it?

Show the answer
Its pull factors: vacant jobs, higher wages, safety from persecution, and relatives who have already settled there and can house a newcomer.
Spitalfields: who came, when and why

How did the Commonwealth Immigrants Act of 1962 affect migration from Sylhet?

Show the answer
Newcomers now needed employment vouchers, which were often arranged through relatives already working in Britain, so chain migration went on and men who were already in Britain stayed rather than risk losing their right to return.
Settling in Spitalfields, and how newcomers were received

Why was the house of the master weaver Lewis Chauvet attacked in 1769?

Show the answer
He refused to pay the rates the journeymen weavers had agreed, so gangs of “cutters” slashed the silk on the looms of those who worked for him.
The experiences of immigrants

What did a group’s own organisations do besides holding services?

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They ran language and religion classes, burial and loan funds and social clubs, relieved poverty among members, and spoke for the group to the council and the police.
Key events in local migration history

Why does the exact spot where an event happened matter to the historian?

Show the answer
The ground itself helps explain it, because a narrow alley, a pub door, a factory gate or a place of worship shows who was there and why a crowd could gather.
Altab Ali, Brick Lane 1978 and other key events in Spitalfields

What is the Shaheed Minar in Altab Ali Park?

Show the answer
A smaller copy of the martyrs’ monument in Dhaka, unveiled in 1999, which honours those killed in 1952 campaigning for the Bengali language and is the focus of an annual gathering each February.
Spitalfields today: impact and the multicultural community

How do the street signs around Brick Lane show the area’s Bangladeshi community?

Show the answer
Since the late 1990s street names have been shown in Bengali script as well as English.
Reading an urban site for its migration history

Which written records best show who was living in a particular street?

Show the answer
Census returns, trade directories, rate books, school admission registers and naturalisation papers.

The 12 subtopics

One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.

Subtopic	What it covers	Questions
When immigrant groups arrived, why and from where	Tracing arrivals and departures in a local study, when each group came and for how long, push and pull factors, chain migration, what changes the flow of newcomers, refugee and labour migration compared, census evidence and the marks early groups left on a townscape.	10
Spitalfields: who came, when and why	Where the name Spitalfields comes from, why Huguenots settled outside the City, Irish migrants in the eighteenth century and after the Famine, Jewish refugees from the 1880s, Sylhet and the lascar link, the 1962 Act, Bangladeshi families in the 1970s and the area's succession of groups.	12
Where immigrants settled and how they were received	Why newcomers took the poorest streets, the advantages of settling together, moving out as groups prospered, local welcome, how hostility showed, scapegoating, help and hindrance from officials, and the marks that hostility and welcome leave on the streets.	10
Settling in Spitalfields, and how newcomers were received	Fournier Street and the Huguenot master weavers, their reception and Christ Church, the anti-Irish riots of 1736, the weavers' riots of 1769, established Jews and the Poor Jews' Temporary Shelter, the Jews' Free School, the British Brothers' League, Bengali squatters and the National Front on Brick Lane.	13
The experiences of immigrants	First lodgings, overcrowding and disease, mutual aid before the welfare state, the worst jobs, trades dominated by one group, shopkeeping, the first place of worship, community organisations, buildings passed between faiths and home workshops.	10
Work, housing and faith in Spitalfields	Weaving lofts in Fournier Street, the Spitalfields Act and the collapse of silk weaving, the Jewish sweating system and the tailors' strike of 1889, Rothschild Buildings and the Soup Kitchen, Bangladeshi housing and work, Brick Lane's curry houses and buildings that served several faiths.	14
Key events in local migration history	What counts as a key event, why events are studied closely, four questions about a disturbance, locating the exact spot, commemoration and its silences, events with no memorial and the marks a riot leaves.	10
Altab Ali, Brick Lane 1978 and other key events in Spitalfields	The murder of Altab Ali in 1978 and the community's response, the attack on Brick Lane in June 1978 and its defence, Altab Ali Park, its arch and the Shaheed Minar, the site's medieval past, the Whitechapel murders and Jewish immigrants, and the records of the 1736 riots.	11
The impact of migration on the area	How migrants change a town's economy, population and services, their political influence and street culture, succession in an immigrant district, why an area keeps changing, describing the community today, multicultural communities and what a high street's shop names reveal.	10
Spitalfields today: impact and the multicultural community	The Huguenots' silk economy, Jewish trade unions and Yiddish newspapers, Banglatown and Bengali street signs, Bangladeshi political influence, the community in Tower Hamlets today, the Spitalfields Trust, the market's redevelopment, gentrification and the multicultural community of today.	11
Reading an urban site for its migration history	Subdivided houses, terraces, street names, shopfronts and bilingual signs as evidence, gravestones and burial grounds, questions to ask of memorials and plaques, old and modern maps, census and directory records, oral testimony and its limits, and local history collections.	19
Reading the buildings, maps and records of Spitalfields	The sundial and minaret of the Brick Lane Jamme Masjid, the renaming of Fournier Street, the Christ Church crypt excavation, Arkell's map of Jewish East London and Booth's poverty map, Rothschild Buildings and the Soup Kitchen, the scarce Irish traces and Bangladeshi oral history.	11

Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration is 141 of the 1,449 questions in the guide.Get the guide, £7

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.