Applied Anatomy and Physiology | OCR GCSE Physical Education (J587)

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

126 questions
8 subtopics
J587/01
J587/01

Applied Anatomy and Physiology is examined in J587/01, Physical factors affecting performance.

It covers bones and functions of the skeleton, synovial joints and the movements they allow, major muscle groups and antagonistic pairs, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and gas exchange, aerobic and anaerobic exercise, short-term effects of exercise and long-term effects of exercise.

Sample questions from Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.

Bones and functions of the skeleton

Which bones form the wrist, the hand and the fingers?

Show the answer
The carpals are the small bones of the wrist. The metacarpals form the palm. The phalanges are the bones of the fingers.
Synovial joints and the movements they allow

Which movements can happen at a hinge joint?

Show the answer
A hinge joint allows only flexion and extension. The bones move back and forth in one plane, like a door on its hinge.
Major muscle groups and antagonistic pairs

Where are the triceps, and what movement do they cause?

Show the answer
The triceps are at the back of the upper arm. The triceps extend the elbow, as in the upward phase of a press-up or a netball chest pass.
The cardiovascular system

Why are capillaries suited to exchanging gases with the muscles?

Show the answer
Capillary walls are only one cell thick, so oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse through them quickly. Capillaries form a dense network close to every muscle fibre.
The respiratory system and gas exchange

Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged at the alveoli.

Show the answer
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli, where its concentration is high, into the blood in the capillaries. Carbon dioxide diffuses the other way, from the blood into the alveoli to be breathed out.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise

Give two examples of anaerobic activities and explain why they are anaerobic.

Show the answer
A 100 m sprint and a heavy weightlift are anaerobic activities. Each is performed at maximal intensity for only a few seconds, faster than oxygen can be supplied.
Short-term effects of exercise

A cyclist has a stroke volume of 110 ml and a heart rate of 160 bpm. Calculate the cardiac output.

Show the answer
The cardiac output is 17.6 litres per minute. Cardiac output = 110 ml × 160 bpm = 17,600 ml per minute.
Long-term effects of exercise

What happens to the heart as a result of long-term aerobic training?

Show the answer
The heart muscle gets bigger and stronger, which is called hypertrophy of the heart. The wall of the left ventricle thickens, so each contraction is more forceful.

The 8 subtopics

One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.

Subtopic	What it covers	Questions
Bones and functions of the skeleton	The location of the major bones from the cranium to the metatarsals, and how the skeleton gives support, posture, protection, movement, blood cell production and mineral storage.	16
Synovial joints and the movements they allow	Synovial joints and their articulating bones at the knee, elbow, shoulder and hip, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction, and ligaments, cartilage and tendons.	16
Major muscle groups and antagonistic pairs	The location and sporting use of the deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, pectorals, biceps, triceps, abdominals, quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals and gastrocnemius, and agonists, antagonists and fixators.	16
The cardiovascular system	The double circulatory system, arteries, veins and capillaries, the route of blood through the heart and its valves, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output, and red blood cells.	16
The respiratory system and gas exchange	The pathway of air, the alveoli and gas exchange, the diaphragm and intercostals in breathing, breathing rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation with a worked example, and spirometer traces.	16
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise	Aerobic and anaerobic exercise, how intensity and duration decide which is used, and classifying sprints, middle-distance races, games, vaults and triathlons.	14
Short-term effects of exercise	Rises in muscle temperature, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, breathing rate and tidal volume with worked calculations, redistribution of blood flow, and lactic acid.	16
Long-term effects of exercise	Bone density, muscle hypertrophy, strength and endurance, a bigger, stronger heart, lower resting heart rate, faster recovery, aerobic capacity and capillarisation, with worked figures.	16

Applied Anatomy and Physiology is 126 of the 496 questions in the guide.Get the guide, £7

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.