Look inside the OCR GCSE Physical Education guide (J587)

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Look inside the OCR GCSE Physical Education guide

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OCR · GCSE · J587
Physical Education
Active Recall Guide
496 questions
Physical EducationContents
Contents
6 topics, 32 subtopics
  1. Applied Anatomy and Physiology126
  2. Movement Analysis32
  3. Physical Training130
  4. Socio-Cultural Influences70
  5. Sports Psychology73
  6. Health, Fitness and Well-Being65
ii
Movement AnalysisQuestions
Movement Analysis
Lever systems and mechanical advantage
  1. What are the three parts of a lever system?
  2. In a lever system in the body, what acts as the fulcrum, the lever and the effort?
  3. How are the parts arranged in a first class lever?
  4. How does the neck work as a first class lever when a footballer tilts the head back before heading the ball?
  5. How are the parts arranged in a second class lever?
  6. Explain how the ankle acts as a second class lever when a sprinter pushes off the blocks.
  7. How are the parts arranged in a third class lever?
  8. Explain how the elbow acts as a third class lever in the upward phase of a bicep curl.
  9. Define mechanical advantage.
12
Movement AnalysisAnswers
Answers
Lever systems and mechanical advantage
  1. A lever system has a fulcrum, an effort and a load. The fulcrum is the pivot, the effort is the force applied and the load is the resistance being moved.
  2. The joint acts as the fulcrum and the bone acts as the lever. The effort comes from a contracting muscle.
  3. A first class lever has the fulcrum in the middle, between the effort and the load.
  4. The fulcrum is the joint between the top of the spine and the skull. The load is the weight of the head, in front of the fulcrum. The effort comes from the neck muscles at the back.
  5. A second class lever has the load in the middle, between the fulcrum and the effort.
  6. The fulcrum is the ball of the foot and the load is the body's weight acting through the ankle. The effort comes from the gastrocnemius pulling on the heel through the Achilles tendon.
  7. A third class lever has the effort in the middle, between the fulcrum and the load.
  8. The fulcrum is the elbow joint and the load is the weight held in the hand. The effort comes from the biceps, which attach to the radius just below the elbow.
  9. Mechanical advantage is the ability of a lever to move a large load with a small effort. A lever has a mechanical advantage when its effort arm is longer than its resistance arm.
13
Physical TrainingQuestions
Physical Training
Fitness tests and fitness data
  1. Describe the Cooper 12-minute run/walk test.
  2. How is the multi-stage fitness test used to measure cardiovascular endurance?
  3. Describe the press-up test for muscular endurance.
  4. What does the sit-up test measure, and how is it scored?
  5. How is the 30 m sprint test carried out?
  6. How does the grip strength dynamometer test measure strength?
  7. What is a one repetition maximum (1RM) test?
  8. How is the vertical jump test used to measure power?
  9. Describe the standing jump test.
34
Physical TrainingAnswers
Answers
Fitness tests and fitness data
  1. The performer runs or walks as far as possible in 12 minutes around a measured track. The distance covered in metres is the score. The test measures cardiovascular endurance.
  2. The performer runs 20 m shuttles in time with bleeps that gradually get faster. The test ends when the performer can no longer reach the line in time. The last level and shuttle completed is the score.
  3. The performer completes as many full press-ups as possible in one minute, keeping the body straight. The number completed is the score.
  4. The sit-up test measures the muscular endurance of the abdominal muscles. The score is the number of correct sit-ups completed in one minute.
  5. The performer sprints 30 m as fast as possible from a standing start while a partner times the run. The time in seconds is the score, and a lower time is better.
  6. The performer squeezes the dynamometer handle as hard as possible with the stronger hand. The best reading in kilograms from three attempts is recorded.
  7. A 1RM is the heaviest weight a person can lift once with correct technique. A 1RM test measures the maximum strength of one muscle group, such as the chest on a bench press.
  8. The performer marks their standing reach on a wall, then jumps as high as possible and marks the top of the jump. The difference between the two marks is the score.
  9. The performer stands behind a line with feet together and jumps forward as far as possible, landing on both feet. The distance to the nearest heel is measured. The test measures the power of the legs.
35
Sports PsychologyQuestions
Sports Psychology
Skilful movement and the classification of skills
  1. What is a motor skill?
  2. What are the characteristics of skilful movement?
  3. What does efficiency mean in skilful movement?
  4. What does pre-determined mean in skilful movement?
  5. What do co-ordinated and fluent mean in skilful movement?
  6. What does aesthetic mean in skilful movement?
  7. What is the difficulty continuum?
  8. What is a simple skill?
  9. What is a complex skill?
56
Sports PsychologyAnswers
Answers
Skilful movement and the classification of skills
  1. A motor skill is a learned action that uses the body and muscles to produce a movement. A tennis serve and a golf putt are motor skills.
  2. Skilful movement is efficient, pre-determined, co-ordinated, fluent and aesthetic. A skilled performer makes the movement look easy.
  3. An efficient movement uses no more energy or effort than it needs. A skilled swimmer glides through the water with no wasted strokes.
  4. A pre-determined movement has a clear goal that the performer knows before starting. A basketball player aims each shot at the hoop.
  5. A co-ordinated movement links the body parts together in the right order. A fluent movement flows smoothly from one part to the next.
  6. An aesthetic movement looks pleasing and controlled. A gymnast's routine is judged partly on how it looks.
  7. The difficulty continuum places skills on a scale from simple to complex. The more decisions and information a skill involves, the more complex it is.
  8. A simple skill needs little thought and few decisions. A sprint start and a forward roll are simple skills.
  9. A complex skill needs a lot of concentration, co-ordination and decision making. A tennis serve and a pole vault are complex skills.
57
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496 questions
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  1. Step 1 · Closed book

    Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.

  2. Step 2 · Open book

    Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.

  3. Step 3 · Closed book again

    Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

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