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AQA · A-Level · 7405
Chemistry
Active Recall Guide
2,442 questions
ChemistryContents
Contents
18 topics, 168 subtopics
  1. Atomic Structure89
  2. Amount of Substance118
  3. Bonding132
  4. Energetics and Thermodynamics108
  5. Kinetics133
  6. Chemical Equilibria80
  7. Redox and Electrochemistry109
  8. Acids and Bases117
  9. Periodicity and Group Chemistry218
  10. Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides92
  11. Transition Metals324
  12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry106
  13. and 6 more
ii
Amount of SubstanceQuestions
Amount of Substance
Relative Atomic and Molecular Mass
  1. What is relative atomic mass?
  2. What standard is used as the reference for relative atomic mass?
  3. Why is carbon-12 used as the standard for relative atomic mass?
  4. What is relative molecular mass?
  5. How is relative molecular mass calculated from a molecular formula?
  6. What is relative formula mass?
  7. When is the term relative formula mass used instead of relative molecular mass?
  8. How does relative formula mass differ in calculation from relative molecular mass?
  9. Why do relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass have no units?
12
Amount of SubstanceAnswers
Answers
Relative Atomic and Molecular Mass
  1. The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
  2. One-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
  3. Carbon-12 is a stable isotope with a precisely defined mass, providing a consistent reference standard.
  4. The weighted mean mass of a molecule relative to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
  5. By adding together the relative atomic masses of all atoms present in the molecular formula.
  6. The weighted mean mass of a formula unit relative to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
  7. For ionic compounds and giant covalent structures that do not exist as discrete molecules.
  8. There is no difference in calculation; both involve summing the relative atomic masses of all atoms in the formula.
  9. Because they are ratios comparing masses to the carbon-12 standard, so units cancel.
13
Acids and BasesQuestions
Acids and Bases
The pH Scale and Strong Acids
  1. What does pH measure?
  2. What is the mathematical definition of pH?
  3. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.0 × 10⁻³ mol dm⁻³?
  4. What happens to pH as hydrogen ion concentration increases?
  5. What is a strong acid?
  6. Give two examples of strong monoprotic acids.
  7. Why can the hydrogen ion concentration of a strong monoprotic acid be assumed to equal the acid concentration?
  8. How do you calculate the pH of a 0.1 mol dm⁻³ solution of hydrochloric acid?
  9. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with pH 2.5?
34
Acids and BasesAnswers
Answers
The pH Scale and Strong Acids
  1. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
  2. pH = −log₁₀[H⁺]
  3. pH = 3
  4. pH decreases
  5. An acid that completely dissociates in aqueous solution
  6. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO₃)
  7. Because the acid completely dissociates, releasing one H⁺ ion per molecule
  8. pH = −log₁₀(0.1) = 1
  9. [H⁺] = 10⁻²·⁵ = 3.16 × 10⁻³ mol dm⁻³
35
Halogenoalkanes, Alcohols and Organic AnalysisQuestions
Halogenoalkanes, Alcohols and Organic Analysis
Nucleophilic Substitution of Halogenoalkanes
  1. What type of bond do halogenoalkanes contain?
  2. Why are the bonds in halogenoalkanes polar?
  3. What type of reaction do halogenoalkanes undergo with nucleophiles?
  4. Name the three nucleophiles that react with halogenoalkanes in nucleophilic substitution.
  5. What is a nucleophile?
  6. In the reaction of a halogenoalkane with hydroxide ions, what is the organic product?
  7. In the reaction of a halogenoalkane with cyanide ions, what is the organic product?
  8. In the reaction of a halogenoalkane with ammonia, what is the organic product?
  9. In a nucleophilic substitution mechanism, where does the curly arrow representing the nucleophile start from?
56
Halogenoalkanes, Alcohols and Organic AnalysisAnswers
Answers
Nucleophilic Substitution of Halogenoalkanes
  1. Polar bonds
  2. The halogen atom is more electronegative than the carbon atom, creating an unequal distribution of electron density
  3. Substitution reactions
  4. OH⁻, CN⁻ and NH₃
  5. An electron pair donor that attacks a positive or partially positive site
  6. An alcohol
  7. A nitrile
  8. An amine
  9. From a lone pair on the nucleophile
57
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