Look inside the AQA A-Level Physical Education guide (7582)

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Look inside the AQA A-Level Physical Education guide

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AQA · A-Level · 7582
Physical Education
Active Recall Guide
2,084 questions
Physical EducationContents
Contents
33 topics, 139 subtopics
  1. The Cardiovascular System81
  2. The Respiratory System54
  3. The Neuromuscular System55
  4. The Musculo-Skeletal System and Movement Analysis65
  5. Energy Systems95
  6. Skill, Transfer and Practice75
  7. Theories of Learning62
  8. Guidance and Feedback57
  9. Information Processing and Memory95
  10. The Emergence and Globalisation of Sport93
  11. Equal Opportunities in Sport76
  12. Diet and Nutrition63
  13. and 21 more
ii
The Respiratory SystemQuestions
The Respiratory System
Lung volumes and minute ventilation
  1. Define tidal volume.
  2. What happens to tidal volume during exercise?
  3. Define inspiratory reserve volume.
  4. How does inspiratory reserve volume change during exercise, and why?
  5. Define expiratory reserve volume.
  6. How does expiratory reserve volume change during exercise?
  7. What is residual volume, and why is it important?
  8. How does residual volume change during exercise?
  9. Define minute ventilation and give its equation.
12
The Respiratory SystemAnswers
Answers
Lung volumes and minute ventilation
  1. Tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in or out per breath. A typical resting value is about 500 ml.
  2. Tidal volume increases during exercise. Deeper breaths draw on both the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes.
  3. Inspiratory reserve volume is the extra air that can be forcibly breathed in after a normal breath. A typical resting value is about 3,000 ml.
  4. Inspiratory reserve volume decreases during exercise. The larger tidal volume of each deeper breath takes up part of the reserve.
  5. Expiratory reserve volume is the extra air that can be forcibly breathed out after a normal breath. A typical resting value is about 1,200 ml.
  6. Expiratory reserve volume decreases slightly during exercise. More forceful breathing out uses some of this reserve as part of the tidal volume.
  7. Residual volume is the air left in the lungs after maximal expiration, about 1,200 ml. Residual volume keeps the alveoli open, so the lungs do not collapse.
  8. Residual volume stays roughly the same during exercise. The air cannot be breathed out, however hard the performer works.
  9. Minute ventilation is the volume of air breathed in or out per minute. Minute ventilation = tidal volume × breathing frequency.
13
Injury Prevention and RehabilitationQuestions
Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
Screening, protective equipment, flexibility and taping
  1. What is screening in sport?
  2. Why is cardiac screening offered to young footballers?
  3. How can musculoskeletal screening prevent injury?
  4. What are the limitations of screening?
  5. How does protective equipment reduce injury?
  6. Give examples of protective equipment and the injury each helps prevent.
  7. Why can protective equipment sometimes increase the risk of injury?
  8. What should a warm-up include to reduce the risk of injury in rugby?
  9. Define active stretching.
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Injury Prevention and RehabilitationAnswers
Answers
Screening, protective equipment, flexibility and taping
  1. Screening is testing performers to identify a risk of injury or illness before it causes harm. Screening can detect heart conditions, poor posture or muscle imbalances.
  2. Cardiac screening can detect undiagnosed heart conditions that risk sudden cardiac arrest during exercise. Affected players can then be treated or given safe activity limits.
  3. Musculoskeletal screening identifies weaknesses, imbalances and faulty movement patterns. A tailored programme can then correct them before they cause injury.
  4. Screening cannot detect every condition and can produce false positives. A false positive may cause anxiety or stop a healthy performer from competing.
  5. Protective equipment absorbs the force of an impact or spreads it over a larger area. Less force then reaches the underlying tissues.
  6. A cricket helmet protects against head injury from a fast ball. Shin pads reduce the risk of lower-leg fractures in football, and gum shields protect the teeth.
  7. Heavily protected players may feel invulnerable and take greater risks. Poorly fitted equipment can also restrict movement or cause injury itself.
  8. A rugby warm-up should build gradually from light running to full-speed, sport-specific movements. Contact drills and dynamic stretches prepare the muscles used in tackling and sprinting.
  9. Active stretching means holding a stretch using only the contraction of the performer's own opposing muscles. Raising and holding a leg without support is an example.
35
Self-Efficacy and ConfidenceQuestions
Self-Efficacy and Confidence
Self-efficacy, self-confidence and self-esteem
  1. Define self-efficacy.
  2. Define self-confidence.
  3. Define self-esteem.
  4. How does self-efficacy differ from self-confidence?
  5. Why does self-efficacy vary from one situation to another?
  6. How does high self-efficacy affect a performer's behaviour?
  7. What effect can low self-esteem have on participation in sport?
  8. How can success in sport raise self-esteem?
  9. How are self-confidence and self-esteem linked?
56
Self-Efficacy and ConfidenceAnswers
Answers
Self-efficacy, self-confidence and self-esteem
  1. Self-efficacy is a performer's belief in their ability to succeed at a particular task in a particular situation.
  2. Self-confidence is a performer's general belief that they can succeed. Self-confidence can be a lasting trait or a changing state.
  3. Self-esteem is a performer's overall sense of their own worth. Self-esteem reflects how the performer values themselves as a person.
  4. Self-efficacy is situation-specific, tied to one task in one setting. Self-confidence is a broader belief in being able to succeed.
  5. Self-efficacy depends on the task, the opposition and the setting at that moment. A goalkeeper may feel certain against a weak side but doubtful against a strong one.
  6. High self-efficacy makes a performer more willing to attempt a task and to persist with it. The performer tends to show approach behaviour.
  7. Low self-esteem can make a person avoid activities where they might be judged. The person may drop out of sport altogether.
  8. Success and praise in sport make a performer feel valued and capable. The improved sense of worth can carry over into other areas of life.
  9. Repeated confident, successful performances tend to raise self-esteem. High self-esteem in turn supports confidence when facing new challenges.
57
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2,084
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139 subtopics

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2,084 questions
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  1. Step 1 · Closed book

    Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.

  2. Step 2 · Open book

    Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.

  3. Step 3 · Closed book again

    Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.

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