Health, Human Rights and Intervention | Edexcel A-Level Geography (9GE0)

Health, Human Rights and Intervention

269 questions
20 subtopics
Paper 2: one global topic of two
Paper 2 and Paper 3

Covers how development is defined beyond income, how health and rights vary between and within countries, the forms outside intervention takes, and how successfully aid and armed force have improved people's lives..

It covers concepts of human development, what causes variations in health and life expectancy, health variations within countries, governments and IGOs defining development targets and policies, human rights in international law and agreements, differences between countries in definitions and protection of human rights, variations in rights within countries, progress towards equality, and the case studies, forms of geopolitical intervention, development aid and the arguments about it, economic development projects and military aid, development focused on human rights and welfare, health and life expectancy variation between and within countries, welfare states, neo-liberalism and IGO programmes, the Responsibility to Protect and UN authorisation, military alliances, war crimes and the cost of military power, measuring the success of geopolitical interventions, the mixed record of development aid, why superpowers give aid, and the Gini coefficient and military interventions, both direct and indirect, have a mixed record of success.

Sample questions from Health, Human Rights and Intervention

Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.

Concepts of human development

What development priorities did Bolivia under Evo Morales emphasise as an alternative to western models?

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Indigenous rights and environmental protection over conventional economic growth.
Health variations within countries

If a country transitions from developing to developed status, how might the main causes of health variation change?

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The main causes would shift from access to basic needs towards lifestyle factors, levels of deprivation, and the quality and accessibility of healthcare systems.
Differences between countries in definitions and protection of human rights

How does the degree of democratic freedom vary among superpowers and emerging powers?

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It varies significantly, ranging from authoritarian to democratic systems.
Progress towards equality, and the case studies

Why is Afghanistan a relevant example for studying demands for equality?

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Afghanistan has experienced significant struggles over women's rights and ethnic group representation, with varying levels of progress and setbacks depending on political circumstances.
Economic development projects and military aid

Which proposed pipeline project crossing from Canada into the USA faced opposition for disregarding minority groups' human rights?

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The Keystone XL pipeline
Health and life expectancy variation between and within countries

How do inequalities affect health and life expectancy variations within countries?

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Structural inequalities in access to resources, services and opportunities create disparities in living conditions and health outcomes between different population groups.
Military alliances, war crimes and the cost of military power

What can happen when political spheres of influence are contested?

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Fighting can break out, harming people and the land, even where the action is presented as protecting rights.
The mixed record of development aid

What has happened to economic inequalities in some states that have received substantial development aid?

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Economic inequalities have increased rather than decreased.

The 20 subtopics

One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.

Subtopic	What it covers	Questions
Concepts of human development	GDP growth against wellbeing as a measure of development, the Happy Planet Index, Sharia law and Bolivia under Evo Morales as contested alternatives, Hans Rosling's view of development goals, how education builds human capital and helps people assert their rights, why access to education and achievement vary between countries, and the monitoring role of UNESCO.	17
What causes variations in health and life expectancy	Recall questions on access to food, water and sanitation, lifestyle, deprivation and the cost of medical care.	14
Health variations within countries	How ethnicity, income and inequality create health gaps inside a country, the UK, Brazil and Indigenous Australians as examples, how the main causes of health variation differ between developing and developed countries, and scatter graphs and correlation for relating health to development.	13
Governments and IGOs defining development targets and policies	Why wealth does not translate simply into wellbeing, welfare states against totalitarian regimes, the neo-liberal free trade, privatisation and financial deregulation promoted by the World Bank, IMF and WTO and how their programmes have widened, the Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals, and proportional circles for comparing government spending.	15
Human rights in international law and agreements	Recall questions on the Universal Declaration, the European Convention and the Geneva Conventions.	14
Differences between countries in definitions and protection of human rights	How some states put human rights at the centre of diplomacy while others prioritise economic development, the shift of some powers towards democracy, differences in rights and freedom of speech between authoritarian and democratic systems, and how corruption undermines the rule of law, measured and mapped with a corruption index.	11
Variations in rights within countries	How differences in rights show in social development within countries, fewer rights for women and ethnic minorities in post-colonial states, how restricted rights appear in health and education outcomes, and First Nations in Canada as the example.	11
Progress towards equality, and the case studies	First Nations in Canada as an example of rights and social development, demands for equality from women and ethnic groups, why progress has been uneven between countries, and Afghanistan, Australia and Bolivia as examples of those demands.	10
Forms of geopolitical intervention	Recall questions on trade embargoes, military aid, direct and indirect action, and the roles of IGOs and NGOs.	14
Development aid and the arguments about it	The forms development aid takes, from charitable gifts after hazards in places such as Haiti to IGO loans, NGOs such as Oxfam and Christian Aid, successes against malaria and for gender equality, and criticisms that aid creates dependency, encourages corruption and entrenches those in power.	11
Economic development projects and military aid	How economic development by superpowers and TNCs harms the rights of minority groups, with oil extraction in the Niger Delta, the Dakota Access and Keystone XL pipelines and land acquisitions in Ethiopia as examples, strategic interests behind military intervention, training and weapons sales as military aid, and the contradictions of the war on terror.	13
Development focused on human rights and welfare	Recall questions on rights-based approaches, the Happy Planet Index, and the place of education in development.	13
Health and life expectancy variation between and within countries	How access to food, water and sanitation drives health gaps and infant and maternal mortality in developing countries, lifestyle, deprivation and medical care in developed countries, and how ethnicity, income and inequality create gaps within countries such as the UK and Brazil and for Indigenous Australians.	14
Welfare states, neo-liberalism and IGO programmes	What high and low social spending show about wealth and wellbeing, the free trade, privatisation and financial deregulation traditionally promoted by the World Bank, IMF and WTO, their newer programmes on environment, health, education and human rights, the post-2015 agenda, flow-line maps of aid, and evaluating newspapers, marketing material and photographs about development.	16
The Responsibility to Protect and UN authorisation	Recall questions on R2P, Security Council authorisation and the purpose of peacekeeping.	13
Military alliances, war crimes and the cost of military power	Recall questions on NATO and ANZUS, the framework for prosecuting war crimes, and what military power costs.	13
Measuring the success of geopolitical interventions	Health, life expectancy, education, gender equality, refugee management, GDP per capita, democratic institutions and freedom of speech as measures of intervention success, why countries favouring economic growth and those taking a holistic view judge success differently, and sources of error and bias in assessing refugee interventions.	15
The mixed record of development aid	Recall questions on Botswana, Haiti and Iraq as contrasting cases, and on what happened to inequality.	13
Why superpowers give aid, and the Gini coefficient	Recall questions on the strategic, resource and military motives behind aid, and on measuring inequality with the Gini coefficient.	11
Military interventions, both direct and indirect, have a mixed record of success	Critical analysis of sources and misuse of data in judging military interventions, loss of sovereignty and human rights violations as costs, why short-term gains often fade, the better record of non-military interventions by bodies such as UN Women and UNICEF, the consequences of geopolitical inaction, and Libya as an example.	18

Health, Human Rights and Intervention is 269 of the 3,433 questions in the guide.Get the guide, £7

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.