Migration, Identity and Sovereignty | Edexcel A-Level Geography (9GE0)

Migration, Identity and Sovereignty

276 questions
17 subtopics
Paper 2: one global topic of two
Paper 2 and Paper 3

Covers movement, nationhood and the limits of state control: why migration has grown, how nation states and their borders came about, the organisations that manage global problems, and what national identity means when people move..

It covers globalisation and the growth of migration, what changes migration patterns, and flow-line maps, varied and complex causes of migration, consequences of international migration, nation states and their varied histories, nationalism in the development of the modern world, tax havens, new state forms and alternatives to capitalism, the UN and its interventions, the IMF, World Bank, WTO and other IGOs, migration in a globalised world, open borders, deregulation and migrant integration, nation states, borders and contested territory, nationalism, decolonisation and low-tax regimes, iGOs managing environmental problems, national identity as an elusive and contested concept, challenges to national identity and consequences of disunity within nations.

Sample questions from Migration, Identity and Sovereignty

Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.

Globalisation and the growth of migration

Why is China used as a case study for internal migration linked to globalisation?

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China demonstrates large-scale rural-urban migration as workers have moved to coastal cities and special economic zones where globalisation has created manufacturing employment opportunities.
Varied and complex causes of migration

What role do deregulated financial markets play in maximising economic efficiency according to economic theory?

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Deregulated financial markets allow capital to move freely across international borders, enabling investment to flow to where it generates the highest returns.
Nation states and their varied histories

What role does migration play in creating variation in the unity of nation states?

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Migration introduces new ethnic groups, cultures and languages to a country, increasing diversity; states with high immigration tend to be more heterogeneous than those with limited migration.
Tax havens, new state forms and alternatives to capitalism

What effect has capital market deregulation had on restrictions governing international money flows?

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Capital market deregulation has removed restrictions on international money flows, allowing capital to move freely across borders.
The IMF, World Bank, WTO and other IGOs

Which regional bloc has moved beyond trade coordination towards closer political unity?

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The European Union.
Open borders, deregulation and migrant integration

Why is labour movement unrestricted within most nation states?

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So that workers can go where they are most needed, and labour is not left idle in one region while another is short.
Nationalism, decolonisation and low-tax regimes

What term describes the wave of African independence in the 1960s?

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The 'wind of change'.
National identity as an elusive and contested concept

Why might different legal traditions between countries reinforce separate national identities?

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Distinctive legal systems create unique national frameworks that differentiate one nation from another, contributing to a sense of separate identity.

The 17 subtopics

One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.

Subtopic	What it covers	Questions
Globalisation and the growth of migration	How globalisation changed labour demand and encouraged rural-urban and international migration, China and EU-Schengen as examples, the share of people living outside their country of birth, and how migration policy and engagement with the global economy explain variation, compared through Singapore, Japan and Australia.	11
What changes migration patterns, and flow-line maps	Recall questions on how environmental, economic and political events redirect migration, and on constructing a flow-line map.	11
Varied and complex causes of migration	Work and family reunification as the main reasons for migration, conflict and poverty displacing refugees as with migrants crossing the Mediterranean, the economic theory of deregulated markets and open borders, free labour movement within the UK and the EU, push and pull factors, and qualitative and quantitative data on causes.	15
Consequences of international migration	How migration changes the ethnic and cultural mix of nation states, why integration varies between and within nations, disputed social, economic, cultural and demographic impacts behind political tensions at the Mexico-US border and within the EU, how skills, income and borders shape who can migrate, and why the same data supports different conclusions.	18
Nation states and their varied histories	How ethnic, cultural and linguistic unity varies between nation states with population history, isolation and migration, borders shaped by physical geography and colonial rule and the sovereignty and legitimacy problems they cause, contested borders such as Ukraine and Russia, unrecognised states such as Taiwan, and mapping unity and borders.	17
Nationalism in the development of the modern world	Recall questions on nineteenth-century nationalism and empire, decolonisation and its costs, and colonial migration links.	20
Tax havens, new state forms and alternatives to capitalism	How globalisation and deregulated capital markets produced tax havens as a new state form used by TNCs and wealthy individuals, their link to inequality, responses from governments, the OECD and NGOs, the 2021 global minimum tax and the Panama Papers, and alternative models in Bolivia under Evo Morales and Ecuador under Rafael Correa.	23
The UN and its interventions	The growth of the UN since 1945, why the Security Council stalls, UN sanctions such as those on Iran and military intervention in the DRC, interventions outside UN authority by the USA and UK, how the IMF, World Bank and WTO shaped the global economy, and Structural Adjustment Programmes and the HIPC initiative, with Jamaica as a contested example.	19
The IMF, World Bank, WTO and other IGOs	The near-universal membership of the IMF, World Bank and WTO, regional blocs such as USMCA, ASEAN and the EU, and IGOs formed to manage environmental problems, including the Montreal Protocol, CITES, UNCLOS, the Helsinki Water Convention, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Antarctic Treaty System.	15
Migration in a globalised world	How globalisation shifted labour demand and encouraged rural-urban migration in China and international migration in the EU-Schengen area, why foreign-born populations vary between countries such as Singapore, Japan and Australia, how environmental, economic and political events change source areas and destinations, economic migrants and refugees, and displacement across the Mediterranean.	20
Open borders, deregulation and migrant integration	The economic theory that free trade, deregulated finance and open borders maximise efficiency, unrestricted labour movement within the UK and the EU but not globally, why migrant integration is uneven, perceived impacts behind political tensions at the Mexico-US border and within the EU, and how income affects migration opportunities.	16
Nation states, borders and contested territory	How isolation and migration affect ethnic, cultural and linguistic unity, with Iceland and Singapore compared, how physical geography, historical development and colonial history set borders, Iraq and Rwanda as borders drawn without regard to their peoples, and the Ukraine and Russia border as a contested case leading to conflict and population movement.	10
Nationalism, decolonisation and low-tax regimes	Recall questions on the wave of independence after 1945 and its costs, and on the growth of tax havens.	15
IGOs managing environmental problems	How IGOs coordinate action on shared environmental problems, the mixed record of global environmental governance with the Montreal Protocol as a success, unequal power in negotiations and the disadvantage of developing countries, tensions with national sovereignty and economic development, and quantitative indicators for evaluating international agreements.	14
National identity as an elusive and contested concept	Recall questions on what national identity rests on and why it is hard to define.	19
Challenges to national identity	Why 'Made in Britain' has become complex as companies operating in the UK such as EDF and Jaguar Land Rover are foreign owned, US-led westernisation through retail and entertainment corporations, non-national ownership of London property by Qatar and Russia and of TNCs by the USA, India and China, and analysing and mapping foreign ownership.	13
Consequences of disunity within nations	Nationalist movements in Catalonia and Scotland seeking independence while keeping EU membership, tensions in BRIC nations from the uneven costs and benefits of globalisation, and weak national identity in fragile states divided between elites, foreign investors and the wider population, with Somalia as the example.	20

Migration, Identity and Sovereignty is 276 of the 3,433 questions in the guide.Get the guide, £7

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.