Changing Spaces; Making Places | OCR A-Level Geography (H481)

Changing Spaces; Making Places

276 questions
18 subtopics
Component 02: Human interactions, the compulsory places topic plus one of each optional pair
Component 02

Changing Spaces; Making Places is examined in Component 02, Human interactions.

It covers the characteristics that shape a place profile, contrasting place profiles: Chelsea and Blackpool, past and present connections, and the scales that embed a place, shifting flows of people, resources, money and ideas, space, place and the effects of time-space compression, perception, identity and emotional attachment to place, informal representations of place in media and the arts, formal and statistical representations of place, measuring social inequality and its spatial patterns, deindustrialisation, globalisation and structural economic change, recession, austerity and the government's role in inequality, living with inequality: Sparkbrook and Sutton Coldfield, players driving economic change at different scales, the Ruhr: a region reshaped by structural economic change, placemaking and the marketing of places to investors, design, mixed use and community-led placemaking, rebranding through reimaging and regeneration and salford Quays: from docks to MediaCityUK.

Sample questions from Changing Spaces; Making Places

Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.

The characteristics that shape a place profile

Give three indicators of the socio-economic character of a place.

Show the answer
Occupational structure, average household income and housing tenure.
Past and present connections, and the scales that embed a place

How is a place embedded at the regional scale?

Show the answer
Through commuting into a nearby city, catchment areas for hospitals, colleges and shopping, regional transport networks, and membership of regional bodies such as a combined authority.
Space, place and the effects of time-space compression

Why is place a difficult concept to define precisely?

Show the answer
Places have no fixed boundaries, exist at several scales at once, change continuously and mean different things to different people, so no single objective definition can capture them.
Informal representations of place in media and the arts

Give an example of a place whose visitor economy grew through screen tourism.

Show the answer
Northern Ireland, where the filming locations used for Game of Thrones were developed into a marketed tourist trail.
Measuring social inequality and its spatial patterns

Give three housing indicators used to measure inequality.

Show the answer
Levels of overcrowding, the balance of housing tenure, and the ratio of house prices to local earnings.
Recession, austerity and the government's role in inequality

What is meant by scarring in the labour market?

Show the answer
Scarring is the lasting damage to earnings and career prospects suffered by people who are unemployed early in their working lives, which persists long after the economy has recovered.
Players driving economic change at different scales

What is an enterprise zone?

Show the answer
An enterprise zone is a designated area in which firms are offered incentives such as business rate discounts, simplified planning and capital allowances in order to attract investment.
Placemaking and the marketing of places to investors

Give an example of a place slogan that set out to change a city's image.

Show the answer
Glasgow's Miles Better campaign, launched in 1983, aimed to replace the city's reputation for industrial decline and deprivation with one of culture and welcome.

The 18 subtopics

One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.

Subtopic	What it covers	Questions
The characteristics that shape a place profile	Recall questions on what a place profile is, place identity and endogenous factors, the demographic, socio-economic, cultural, political, built and natural characteristics used to profile a place, housing tenure as an indicator, and why profiles differ between streets, date quickly and change when a large employer closes.	13
Contrasting place profiles: Chelsea and Blackpool	Recall questions on the demographic, built, socio-economic and political profiles of Chelsea and Blackpool, the Grenfell Tower fire, Blackpool's tourist decline and deprivation ranking, and how flows of people, investment, resources, ideas and technology have shaped each, from Lots Road and the King's Road to the Winter Gardens, Silicon Sands and the Multiversity.	24
Past and present connections, and the scales that embed a place	Recall questions on the connections of a place and exogenous factors, how past trade and empire still shape places such as Liverpool, how places are embedded at regional, national and international scales, remittances, transport links and commuter villages, and the loss of connections, as in Consett.	12
Shifting flows of people, resources, money and ideas	Recall questions on the four flows that change places, commuting, internal, international and selective migration, the South Wales coalfield as a resource flow, technology and the knowledge economy, universities, transnational investment, European structural funding and the UK Shared Prosperity Fund, disinvestment, the multiplier effect, and flows of ideas.	14
Space, place and the effects of time-space compression	Recall questions on space and place, location, locale and sense of place, placelessness and clone towns, time-space compression and the innovations behind it, its uneven effects on people, a global sense of place, glocalisation, and why globalisation can strengthen local identity.	16
Perception, identity and emotional attachment to place	Recall questions on perception of place, insider and outsider perspectives, how age, gender, sexuality, religion, role and disability shape experience of place, the geography of fear, Belgrave Road in Leicester, topophilia and topophobia, and what strengthens or weakens attachment to place, including second homes.	17
Informal representations of place in media and the arts	Recall questions on formal and informal representations of place, qualitative sources, television drama and screen tourism in Northern Ireland, music, painting, photography and literature, graffiti, murals and street art, blogs and social media, and the stigmatisation of places in the media.	15
Formal and statistical representations of place	Recall questions on the UK census, its measures and limitations, lower super output areas, geospatial data and its sources, geographical information systems, choropleth maps and the effect of area size, statistical versus qualitative sources, and geodemographic classifications.	14
Measuring social inequality and its spatial patterns	Recall questions on social and income inequality, the seven domains of the English Index of Multiple Deprivation and their weighting, housing, health, education and employment indicators, access to services, the digital divide, the Gini coefficient, the cycle of deprivation, the inverse care law, and selective out-migration.	17
Deindustrialisation, globalisation and structural economic change	Recall questions on structural economic change and the employment sectors, the causes of UK deindustrialisation, the global shift, containerisation, falling manufacturing employment, its effects on coalfield communities and port cities, the rise of services, labour market polarisation, and the knowledge economy.	15
Recession, austerity and the government's role in inequality	Recall questions on recessions and the economic cycle, cyclical and structural change, the sectors and young workers hit hardest, labour market scarring, the uneven effects of the 2008 recession, government spending and the pupil premium, local funding cuts, postcode lotteries, right to buy, transport investment, and rural service rationalisation.	16
Living with inequality: Sparkbrook and Sutton Coldfield	Recall questions on how Sparkbrook and Sutton Coldfield in Birmingham differ in housing, environment, age structure, ethnicity, life expectancy, crime, digital access and mobility, how income, ethnicity, age and gender shape lived experience of inequality, and food deserts.	16
Players driving economic change at different scales	Recall questions on the players in place change, the powers of local and national government, enterprise zones, multinational corporations and Honda's closure in Swindon, international institutions and loan conditions, development corporations, universities and trade unions, and why players come into conflict.	13
The Ruhr: a region reshaped by structural economic change	Recall questions on the Ruhr in western Germany, its coal and steel economy, migration and pollution at its peak, the decline of mining and steel, the players and policies behind restructuring, diversification, the Zollverein colliery, the restoration of the Emscher, culture in its new identity, and the social outcome.	15
Placemaking and the marketing of places to investors	Recall questions on placemaking and inward investment, what place-marketing campaigns emphasise, Glasgow's Miles Better campaign, major events and place brands, freeports, combined authorities and local enterprise partnerships, the Northern Powerhouse, and why place marketing may be zero-sum or fail existing residents.	13
Design, mixed use and community-led placemaking	Recall questions on authentic places and mixed-use development, busy streets that police themselves, the 24 hour city, night-time economies and night mayors, design features and 15 minute neighbourhoods, reclaiming streets from traffic, residents' associations, civic societies, social media, the Granby Four Streets in Liverpool, and community land trusts.	16
Rebranding through reimaging and regeneration	Recall questions on rebranding, reimaging and regeneration, why places rebrand, sport, art, heritage, retail and food as strategies, the Bilbao effect, why strategies are combined, the players who fund them, contested rebranding and gentrification, and resistance in Brixton and Shoreditch.	15
Salford Quays: from docks to MediaCityUK	Recall questions on the Manchester Docks and why they closed, the derelict site and why Salford needed to rebrand, the council purchase and water quality work, The Lowry and the Imperial War Museum North, MediaCityUK and the BBC, the players and Metrolink, changing perceptions, and the successes and criticisms of the scheme.	15

Changing Spaces; Making Places is 276 of the 3,740 questions in the guide.Get the guide, £7

How the guide is worked

Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.

Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.

Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.