Human Rights | OCR A-Level Geography (H481)
Human Rights
- 147 questions
- 11 subtopics
- Component 02: Human interactions, the compulsory places topic plus one of each optional pair
- Component 02
Human Rights is examined in Component 02, Human interactions.
It covers the idea of human rights and its legal foundations, norms, intervention and geopolitics, forced labour and modern slavery, maternal mortality and access to safe childbirth, capital punishment and where it persists, patterns of gender inequality: schooling, reproductive health and work, women's rights in India, human rights abuse as a cause and a consequence of conflict, institutions, treaties and laws that protect human rights, global governance of human rights in eastern DR Congo and short-term relief and long-term change in DR Congo.
Sample questions from Human Rights
Answer each one closed book first, then open the answer.
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The idea of human rights and its legal foundations
State how many articles the Universal Declaration of Human Rights contains.
Show the answer
It contains 30 articles. -
Norms, intervention and geopolitics
Why do some governments argue that development should come before political freedoms?
Show the answer
They argue that raising incomes and keeping order must come first and that liberties can follow later, a position used to justify restricting free speech, assembly and opposition parties. -
Forced labour and modern slavery
Explain why forced labour is not confined to low income countries.
Show the answer
More than half of all forced labour occurs in upper middle and high income countries, where demand for cheap labour, the recruitment of migrants through debt, and long subcontracted supply chains create the conditions for it. -
Maternal mortality and access to safe childbirth
What is the leading direct medical cause of maternal death?
Show the answer
Severe bleeding after birth, known as post-partum haemorrhage. -
Capital punishment and where it persists
Why are global execution totals certain to understate the real figure?
Show the answer
China is believed to execute more people than the rest of the world combined but treats the numbers as a state secret, and several other retentionist states publish no figures either. -
Patterns of gender inequality: schooling, reproductive health and work
What is meant by an unmet need for family planning?
Show the answer
It describes women who want to avoid or delay pregnancy but are not using a modern method of contraception, a group numbering over 250 million worldwide. -
Women's rights in India
State the gap between male and female adult literacy recorded by India's 2011 census.
Show the answer
Female literacy stood at about 65% against male literacy of about 82%, a gap of roughly 17 percentage points. -
Human rights abuse as a cause and a consequence of conflict
Name four human rights violations that typically follow the outbreak of armed conflict.
Show the answer
Forced displacement of civilians, conflict-related sexual violence, the recruitment of children into armed groups, and attacks on civilians, hospitals and schools.
The 11 subtopics
One subtopic is one session. Work down the list.
| Subtopic | What it covers | Questions |
|---|---|---|
| The idea of human rights and its legal foundations | Recall questions on what human rights are and what makes them universal and inalienable, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the two 1966 covenants, civil and political versus economic, social and cultural rights, negative and positive rights, the Geneva Conventions, the European Court of Human Rights, the Human Rights Act 1998, and cultural relativism. | 13 |
| Norms, intervention and geopolitics | Recall questions on human rights norms and how they differ and spread between countries, development before political freedom, the meaning and forms of intervention, geopolitics and sovereignty, the responsibility to protect, uneven international responses, the veto powers of the UN Security Council, and humanitarian intervention as neo-colonialism. | 13 |
| Forced labour and modern slavery | Recall questions on forced labour and modern slavery, their global scale and regional pattern, forced marriage, the sectors involved, debt bondage, the vulnerability of migrant workers and tied visas, conflict and discrimination as causes, hidden supply chains, and the Modern Slavery Act 2015. | 13 |
| Maternal mortality and access to safe childbirth | Recall questions on the maternal mortality ratio and global maternal deaths, Sub-Saharan Africa's share, post-partum haemorrhage and other direct causes, the three delays, skilled birth attendants, distance to care, girls' education, fertility and lifetime risk, armed conflict, and the Sustainable Development Goal target. | 13 |
| Capital punishment and where it persists | Recall questions on capital punishment and abolition in law and in practice, the share of abolitionist countries, Europe and Belarus, understated execution totals and China, retention in Asia, the Middle East and the United States, and how religion, political systems, colonial history, drug offences, EU membership and wrongful convictions shape the debate. | 13 |
| Patterns of gender inequality: schooling, reproductive health and work | Recall questions on gender inequality, girls out of school and the barriers they face, school sanitation, the returns to girls' education, unmet need for family planning, women's labour force participation, unpaid care and legal barriers, women in parliament, the economic, political and cultural factors behind variation, and Rwanda. | 15 |
| Women's rights in India | Recall questions on missing women and India's child sex ratio, the law against sex-selective scanning, dowry, the literacy gap, child marriage, low female labour force participation, reserved seats in panchayats, the 2012 Delhi case and sexual violence law, the consequences of inequality, Kerala, the Self Employed Women's Association, and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao. | 13 |
| Human rights abuse as a cause and a consequence of conflict | Recall questions on denial of education and Boko Haram, discrimination and horizontal inequality as causes of conflict, the Rohingya and loss of citizenship, the abuses that follow war, forced displacement, sexual violence as a weapon, forms of geopolitical intervention, flows of people, money and ideas, and the uses of technology for and against human rights. | 15 |
| Institutions, treaties and laws that protect human rights | Recall questions on the United Nations, the Human Rights Council and the Universal Periodic Review, CEDAW and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the International Criminal Court and its weaknesses, the International Court of Justice, the African Charter, NGOs and Amnesty International, the UN Guiding Principles on Business, and weak enforcement. | 13 |
| Global governance of human rights in eastern DR Congo | Recall questions on the abuses and internal displacement in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, mineral wealth and the conflict, MONUSCO and the Force Intervention Brigade, Security Council sanctions, the Lubanga case at the International Criminal Court, the national government's role, Panzi Hospital, conflict mineral rules and their side effects, and local views of intervention. | 13 |
| Short-term relief and long-term change in DR Congo | Recall questions on short-term NGO relief and its limits, long-term change through global governance, why DR Congo remains a low income developing country, stability and economic growth, demobilising fighters, support for survivors of sexual violence, impunity, how intervention can deepen inequality and aid dependence, and how far life has improved. | 13 |
How the guide is worked
Answering a question from memory stores it far better than reading the answer again. The guide runs that as a fixed procedure on one subtopic at a time, about twenty minutes a session.
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Step 1 · Closed book
Cover the answers. Work through one subtopic and write down what you can. Leave blanks where you have nothing.
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Step 2 · Open book
Go back to the top. Read each printed answer and write it out in full, including the ones you had right.
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Step 3 · Closed book again
Same questions, same order, from memory. The gap between pass one and pass three is the session result.
Read the full method, the return schedule and the research behind it.
Nearby topics
OCR A-Level Geography Active Recall Guide
Every topic, not just this one. 3,740 questions with their answers.