Edexcel A-Level Physical Education sample questions and answers (9PE0)

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114 sample questions and answers

Taken from every topic of Edexcel A-Level Physical Education, specification 9PE0. The full guide has 2,108.

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Component 1

The Musculo-Skeletal System

68 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Muscles, bones and movements of the upper body

    What does the trapezius contribute to an overhead throw?

    Show the answer
    The trapezius moves and steadies the scapula. A stable scapula gives the arm muscles a firm base to pull from.

  2. Muscles, bones and movements of the upper body

    Which muscle extends the elbow as a basketball player releases a set shot?

    Show the answer
    The triceps brachii extends the elbow to push the ball towards the basket.

  3. Muscles, bones and movements of the lower body and trunk

    Which bones form the knee joint, and where does the fibula fit in?

    Show the answer
    The femur, tibia and patella form the knee joint. The fibula runs beside the tibia but takes no part in the joint itself.

Component 1

Levers, Newton's Laws and Stability

59 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Lever systems in the body

    How is a third-class lever arranged?

    Show the answer
    A third-class lever has the effort between the fulcrum and the load.

  2. Lever systems in the body

    Which class of lever operates at the knee as a player kicks a ball?

    Show the answer
    Knee extension is a third-class lever. The quadriceps pull on the tibia just below the knee, between the joint and the weight of the lower leg.

  3. Mechanical advantage and disadvantage of levers

    What is the drawback of a second-class lever?

    Show the answer
    A second-class lever moves the load slowly and through only a small range of movement.

Component 1

The Respiratory System

58 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Structure of the airways and alveoli

    What are the bronchi?

    Show the answer
    The bronchi are the two branches of the trachea, one entering each lung. Cartilage supports the bronchi and keeps them open.

  2. Structure of the airways and alveoli

    Why is the repeated branching of the airways useful?

    Show the answer
    Repeated branching delivers air to every part of the lung. The branching ends in a vast number of alveoli with a very large surface area.

  3. The mechanics of breathing

    Explain the cause and effect of air entering the lungs during inspiration.

    Show the answer
    The volume of the thoracic cavity increases, so the pressure inside the lungs falls below atmospheric pressure. Air flows down the pressure gradient into the lungs.

Component 1

The Cardiovascular System

66 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Heart structure and the conduction system

    Where are the semilunar valves, and what do they do?

    Show the answer
    The semilunar valves guard the exits into the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The valves stop blood flowing back into the ventricles.

  2. Heart structure and the conduction system

    What are the bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres?

    Show the answer
    The bundle of His carries the impulse down the septum to the apex of the ventricles. The Purkinje fibres spread the impulse up through the ventricle walls, causing ventricular systole.

  3. Blood vessels, circulation and vascular shunting

    What are arterioles, and why are they important in exercise?

    Show the answer
    Arterioles are small arteries with smooth muscle in their walls. The smooth muscle lets arterioles widen or narrow to control blood flow to each tissue.

Component 1

The Neuromuscular System

59 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Muscle fibre types and their characteristics

    Why do fast glycolytic fibres fatigue so quickly?

    Show the answer
    Fast glycolytic fibres rely on anaerobic ATP production, which uses up their phosphocreatine and glycogen quickly. Lactate and hydrogen ions accumulate and slow contraction.

  2. Muscle fibre types and their characteristics

    How do the energy stores of slow and fast twitch fibres differ?

    Show the answer
    Fast twitch fibres hold larger stores of phosphocreatine and glycogen for anaerobic work. Slow twitch fibres hold larger stores of triglyceride for aerobic work.

  3. Motor units, recruitment and gradation of contraction

    Define wave summation.

    Show the answer
    Wave summation happens when impulses arrive so rapidly that a fibre cannot fully relax between them. Each twitch builds on the last, producing a stronger contraction.

Component 1

Adaptations to Training

44 questions in the guide, across 3 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Heart and lung adaptations to training

    What happens to maximum heart rate and maximum cardiac output with endurance training?

    Show the answer
    Maximum heart rate stays the same, because it depends on age. Maximum cardiac output rises, because stroke volume at maximal effort is larger.

  2. Heart and lung adaptations to training

    Describe how the respiratory muscles adapt to training.

    Show the answer
    The diaphragm and intercostal muscles become stronger and more resistant to fatigue. The trained athlete can breathe more deeply and sustain a higher ventilation.

  3. Muscle and bone adaptations to training

    How do muscle enzymes adapt to aerobic and to anaerobic training?

    Show the answer
    Aerobic training raises the activity of the aerobic enzymes in the mitochondria. Anaerobic training raises enzymes such as creatine kinase and phosphofructokinase.

Component 1

Energy Systems

62 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Forms of energy and ATP

    Where is electrical energy used in the body during exercise?

    Show the answer
    Electrical energy carries nerve impulses from the brain to the muscles. Electrical impulses also spread through the heart's conduction system to trigger each beat.

  2. Forms of energy and ATP

    What is meant by ATP resynthesis?

    Show the answer
    ATP resynthesis is the rebuilding of ATP by rejoining ADP with a free phosphate. The reaction needs energy released from the breakdown of a fuel.

  3. The ATP-PC and glycolytic systems

    Give two advantages of the ATP-PC system.

    Show the answer
    The ATP-PC system resynthesises ATP very rapidly, so it supports maximal force. The system produces no fatiguing by-products.

Component 1

Fatigue and Recovery

59 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Fatigue from energy depletion and dehydration

    Why does falling blood glucose affect a performer late in a long event?

    Show the answer
    The brain relies on blood glucose for fuel. Low blood glucose causes central fatigue, poor decision-making and loss of coordination.

  2. Fatigue from energy depletion and dehydration

    A 75 kg cyclist weighs 73.5 kg after a two-hour ride with no drinks. What percentage of body mass has been lost?

    Show the answer
    The cyclist has lost 2% of body mass. Percentage lost = (75 − 73.5) ÷ 75 × 100 = 2%.

  3. Lactic acid, hydrogen ions and fatigue

    What is OBLA?

    Show the answer
    OBLA, the onset of blood lactate accumulation, is the point where blood lactate starts to rise rapidly during exercise of increasing intensity. OBLA is usually placed at about 4 mmol/L.

Component 1

Diet, Nutrition and Supplements

63 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Energy balance, nutrients and optimal weight

    How much energy does a gram of carbohydrate, fat and protein provide?

    Show the answer
    Carbohydrate and protein each provide about 4 kcal (17 kJ) per gram. Fat provides about 9 kcal (37 kJ) per gram.

  2. Energy balance, nutrients and optimal weight

    What is Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)?

    Show the answer
    RED-S is a condition caused by energy intake that is too low for the body's needs. RED-S can impair bone health, hormones, immunity and performance.

  3. Hydration, electrolytes and sports drinks

    Why is an isotonic drink suited to a half-marathon runner?

    Show the answer
    An isotonic drink supplies fluid, sodium and carbohydrate at once. The runner stays hydrated and fuelled without slowing fluid absorption.

Component 1

Fitness Testing

59 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Gas analysis and aerobic field tests

    How does the yo-yo intermittent recovery test differ from the multi-stage fitness test?

    Show the answer
    The yo-yo test adds a 10-second active recovery after each pair of 20 m shuttles. The test therefore mimics the stop-start demands of team games.

  2. Gas analysis and aerobic field tests

    A performer completes the full 300 seconds of the Harvard step test, and the three recovery pulse counts total 180. What is the fitness index?

    Show the answer
    The fitness index is about 83. Fitness index = (100 × 300) ÷ (2 × 180) = 83.3.

  3. Lactate and functional threshold testing

    What does a rightward shift of a runner's lactate curve after training show?

    Show the answer
    Blood lactate is lower at every speed, so the threshold now occurs at a faster pace. The runner can sustain a higher intensity before fatigue.

Component 1

Components and Principles of Training

57 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Aerobic, anaerobic and muscular fitness

    What is exercise economy?

    Show the answer
    Exercise economy is the oxygen cost of moving at a given submaximal speed or power. An economical performer uses less oxygen at the same pace.

  2. Aerobic, anaerobic and muscular fitness

    What is maximal strength?

    Show the answer
    Maximal strength is the greatest force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single voluntary contraction. A powerlifter's 1RM deadlift reflects maximal strength.

  3. Speed, agility, balance and coordination

    Why does a goalkeeper facing a penalty need a fast reaction time?

    Show the answer
    The ball reaches the goal in well under a second. The keeper must start moving the instant the ball is struck, or anticipate its direction.

Component 1

Training Methods and Periodisation

66 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Periodisation cycles and recovery strategies

    How does the specific preparation phase differ from the general preparation phase?

    Show the answer
    The specific preparation phase shifts training towards the exact demands of the event. Intensity rises, volume falls and sessions become more sport-specific.

  2. Periodisation cycles and recovery strategies

    Why does an active cool-down speed up recovery?

    Show the answer
    An active cool-down keeps heart rate and breathing raised, maintaining oxygen supply to the muscles. The skeletal muscle pump prevents blood pooling and speeds lactate removal.

  3. Continuous, fartlek, interval, circuit and cross training

    Give a disadvantage of fartlek training.

    Show the answer
    Intensity is hard to control, so a less motivated performer may not work hard enough. Progress is also difficult to measure.

Component 1

Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

64 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Classifying injuries and acute injuries

    Describe how sprains are graded by severity.

    Show the answer
    A grade 1 sprain is a mild stretch with little loss of stability. A grade 2 sprain is a partial tear, and a grade 3 sprain is a complete rupture of the ligament.

  2. Classifying injuries and acute injuries

    How would a performer know the Achilles tendon has ruptured, and how long is recovery?

    Show the answer
    The performer often feels as if kicked in the back of the heel and cannot push off or rise onto the toes. A ruptured Achilles tendon commonly keeps a performer out for six months to a year.

  3. Overuse injuries: shin splints, tendonitis and stress fractures

    What are shin splints?

    Show the answer
    Shin splints, or periostitis, is inflammation of the periosteum, the membrane covering the tibia. The pain runs along the inner edge of the shin and worsens with exercise.

Component 1

Linear and Angular Motion

59 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Distance, displacement, speed and acceleration

    How is speed defined, and how is it calculated?

    Show the answer
    Speed is the rate of change of distance, measured in m/s. Speed = distance ÷ time.

  2. Distance, displacement, speed and acceleration

    Define acceleration and give the equation used to calculate it.

    Show the answer
    Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Acceleration = (final velocity − initial velocity) ÷ time taken, measured in m/s².

  3. Distance–time, speed–time and velocity–time graphs

    How does a distance–time graph show a sprinter accelerating out of the blocks?

    Show the answer
    The line curves upwards, becoming steeper as time passes. An increasing gradient means the speed is increasing.

Component 1

Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics

61 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Forces acting on a projectile in flight

    Why does a shot follow an almost parabolic flight path?

    Show the answer
    The shot is heavy, dense and small, and it travels relatively slowly. Weight is far larger than air resistance, so the path is close to a symmetrical parabola.

  2. Forces acting on a projectile in flight

    How can lift change the flight of a projectile?

    Show the answer
    Lift acts at right angles to the airflow and can hold a discus or javelin in the air for longer. The extra flight time increases the horizontal distance.

  3. Release velocity, height and angle

    Explain why a shot putter releases at an angle below 45°.

    Show the answer
    The shot leaves the hand about 2 m above the ground, so the flight already gains time from its height. A lower angle, around 35° to 40°, gives the best balance of horizontal speed and flight time. A putter can also exert more force at a lower angle.

Component 2

Coaching and Skill Classification

72 questions in the guide, across 5 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Mosston's coaching styles

    What are the drawbacks of the reciprocal style?

    Show the answer
    The feedback may be inaccurate if the observer lacks knowledge of the skill. Some learners dislike being judged by a peer, and the coach has less control.

  2. Mosston's coaching styles

    Evaluate the problem-solving style of coaching.

    Show the answer
    Problem solving encourages creativity, independence and decision making, which suit open skills and experienced performers. Solutions may be wrong or inefficient, and the process is slow.

  3. Tactics and strategies in competition

    How does a coach gather the information needed to develop a strategy?

    Show the answer
    The coach analyses opponents through video and match statistics, looking for patterns and weaknesses. The coach also assesses the team's own strengths, fitness and available players.

Component 2

Learning Theories

55 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Classical and operant conditioning

    How can classical conditioning help a performer control nerves?

    Show the answer
    A performer can link a cue word or a deep breath with feeling calm through repeated pairing in training. The cue then triggers relaxation before a penalty or a serve.

  2. Classical and operant conditioning

    What is shaping in operant conditioning?

    Show the answer
    Shaping is reinforcing responses that come gradually closer to the desired skill. A coach praises a beginner's rough attempts at first, then only the better ones.

  3. Reinforcement, punishment and the S-R bond

    Define punishment in the context of learning.

    Show the answer
    Punishment gives an unpleasant consequence after an incorrect response to stop it being repeated. A player dropped, fined or sent to the sin bin is being punished.

Component 2

Practice and Guidance

59 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Whole, part, progressive part and whole-part-whole practice

    When is part practice most suitable?

    Show the answer
    Part practice suits complex, low-organisation skills whose parts separate easily. Part practice also suits dangerous skills, beginners and learners with short attention spans.

  2. Whole, part, progressive part and whole-part-whole practice

    Define whole-part-whole practice.

    Show the answer
    Whole-part-whole practice starts with the whole skill, then isolates a weak part for practice, then returns to the whole. The learner keeps a feel for the complete skill while fixing a specific fault.

  3. Massed, distributed, fixed and variable practice

    Explain why distributed practice helps learning.

    Show the answer
    Rest intervals allow recovery, so each attempt is made with good technique. The breaks give time for feedback and for mental rehearsal.

Component 2

Feedback and Motor Control

57 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Purposes and effectiveness of feedback

    Why should feedback be given soon after a movement?

    Show the answer
    The movement is still fresh in short-term memory, so the feedback can be linked to how it felt. Delayed feedback is harder to relate to the action.

  2. Purposes and effectiveness of feedback

    Why should feedback target the cause of an error rather than its effect?

    Show the answer
    A correction aimed at the cause removes the fault at source. A netball shot that falls short may stem from poor leg drive, not the arm action.

  3. Types of feedback

    Why is knowledge of results useful to a beginner?

    Show the answer
    A beginner cannot yet judge technique but can see whether the outcome succeeded. A successful outcome also motivates.

Component 2

Information Processing and Memory

76 questions in the guide, across 5 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Welford and Whiting's information processing models

    Describe the detection phase of perception.

    Show the answer
    Detection is noticing that a stimulus is present. Selective attention decides which stimuli are detected.

  2. Welford and Whiting's information processing models

    What happens at the response selection stage?

    Show the answer
    The performer decides which action to take, drawing on experience stored in long-term memory. A midfielder chooses between a pass and a shot.

  3. The sensory store and short-term memory

    Why is the brief duration of the sensory store useful?

    Show the answer
    The brief duration stops the system filling with irrelevant information. Only attended information is kept for processing.

Component 2

Personality and Attitudes

56 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Sport psychology and the nature–nurture debate

    Which personality theory represents the nature view?

    Show the answer
    Trait theory represents the nature view. Personality is seen as a set of inborn traits that predict behaviour.

  2. Sport psychology and the nature–nurture debate

    How can an understanding of personality help a coach?

    Show the answer
    A coach can match coaching style, motivation and team roles to each player. Situations that stress anxious players can be planned for.

  3. Trait theory: Eysenck and Cattell

    How does the reticular activating system explain introversion and extroversion?

    Show the answer
    Introverts have a highly sensitive reticular activating system, so they are easily over-aroused. Extroverts have a less sensitive system and seek stimulation.

Component 2

Arousal and Anxiety

61 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Arousal and the optimal level for performance

    What is the optimal level of arousal?

    Show the answer
    The optimal level is the arousal at which a performer performs best. The level differs for each performer, task and situation.

  2. Arousal and the optimal level for performance

    Name one activity that needs high arousal and one that needs low arousal.

    Show the answer
    A weightlifter needs high arousal to generate maximal force. An archer needs low arousal for a steady aim.

  3. Drive, inverted-U and catastrophe theories

    What is the main criticism of drive theory?

    Show the answer
    Drive theory cannot explain why experts sometimes perform badly when highly aroused. Even well-learned skills can break down under extreme pressure.

Component 2

Aggression

56 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Aggression and assertion in sport

    Give an example of player aggression.

    Show the answer
    A footballer who stamps on an opponent after a tackle is being aggressive. The act is deliberate and meant to hurt.

  2. Aggression and assertion in sport

    Why is intent important in judging aggression?

    Show the answer
    The same action can be aggressive or assertive depending on what the performer meant. A collision that injures by accident is not aggression.

  3. Types of aggression

    Why is instrumental aggression still unacceptable?

    Show the answer
    Instrumental aggression accepts harm to an opponent as a price of winning. The act breaks the rules and risks serious injury.

Component 2

Motivation

54 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Types of motivation

    How can overuse of extrinsic rewards reduce intrinsic motivation?

    Show the answer
    The performer starts to take part for the reward rather than for enjoyment. When the rewards stop, participation may stop too.

  2. Types of motivation

    How can a coach develop intrinsic motivation in young players?

    Show the answer
    The coach should make sessions fun, varied and achievable. Players who feel competent and in control enjoy the activity more.

  3. Internal, external, tangible and intangible rewards

    Can an external reward be intangible?

    Show the answer
    Praise from a coach is both external and intangible. The reward comes from outside the performer but cannot be touched.

Component 2

Social Facilitation

46 questions in the guide, across 3 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Social facilitation, social inhibition and types of others

    Who are passive others?

    Show the answer
    Passive others are people present who do not compete against or respond to the performer. An audience and co-actors are passive others.

  2. Social facilitation, social inhibition and types of others

    How can spectators become interactive others?

    Show the answer
    Spectators interact when they shout, chant or barrack the performer. A hostile crowd jeering a penalty taker is an example.

  3. Zajonc's dominant response and evaluation apprehension

    How does the inverted-U hypothesis explain the effect of an audience?

    Show the answer
    The inverted-U suggests an audience helps until arousal reaches the optimum point. Beyond the optimum, extra arousal from the crowd makes performance decline.

Component 2

Group Dynamics and Cohesion

60 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Groups, teams, and task and social cohesion

    How can relationships within a team influence an individual player's performance?

    Show the answer
    A supportive team can raise an individual's confidence and motivation. Conflict or exclusion can lower effort and increase anxiety.

  2. Groups, teams, and task and social cohesion

    Can a team with low social cohesion still be successful? Explain.

    Show the answer
    A team with low social cohesion can succeed if task cohesion is high. Players who share a goal can perform well despite personal friction.

  3. Carron's four factors of cohesion

    How can a player's personal motives affect cohesion?

    Show the answer
    A player focused on personal glory may ignore team tactics. Members who share the team's goals strengthen task cohesion.

Component 2

Goal Setting

41 questions in the guide, across 3 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. SMARTER targets

    What makes a goal achievable?

    Show the answer
    An achievable goal is within reach with effort in the time allowed. A goal that is too hard causes frustration and loss of motivation.

  2. SMARTER targets

    Rewrite the goal 'get fitter' as a SMARTER goal for a 17-year-old footballer.

    Show the answer
    A SMARTER goal is to raise the multistage fitness test score from level 10 to level 11 in eight weeks. The coach should record each test and review progress fortnightly.

  3. Outcome, performance and process goals

    Give two disadvantages of outcome goals.

    Show the answer
    Outcome goals depend partly on opponents, so the performer cannot fully control them. A missed outcome goal can lower confidence even after a good performance.

Component 2

Attribution Theory

41 questions in the guide, across 3 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Weiner's attributions for success and failure

    What is meant by effort as an attribution?

    Show the answer
    Effort is how hard the performer tried. A player who blames a defeat on not working hard enough attributes it to effort.

  2. Weiner's attributions for success and failure

    A gymnast blames a failed routine on the vault being the hardest in the competition. Which attribution is she making?

    Show the answer
    The gymnast is attributing failure to task difficulty. The difficulty of the vault lies outside the gymnast.

  3. The three dimensions of attribution

    Classify Weiner's four attributions as stable or unstable.

    Show the answer
    Ability and task difficulty are stable. Effort and luck are unstable.

Component 2

Confidence and Self-Efficacy

57 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Self-confidence and its effect on performance

    How can low self-confidence harm performance?

    Show the answer
    Low confidence brings worry, low effort and avoidance of difficult tasks. The performer may fear failure and choke.

  2. Self-confidence and its effect on performance

    How can a coach build a performer's confidence before a competition?

    Show the answer
    The coach can set realistic goals and praise successes in training. Mental rehearsal of past successes also helps.

  3. Vealey's model of sport confidence

    What is competitive orientation in Vealey's model?

    Show the answer
    Competitive orientation is the type of goal that makes a performer feel successful. Some performers are oriented towards performing well and others towards winning.

Component 2

Leadership

56 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Qualities and impact of an effective leader

    How can poor leadership harm performance?

    Show the answer
    Unclear instructions and unfair treatment cause confusion and conflict. Motivation and cohesion fall, and players may loaf.

  2. Qualities and impact of an effective leader

    How does a leader influence team cohesion?

    Show the answer
    A leader who involves players and treats them fairly builds unity. A leader who plays favourites divides the squad.

  3. Autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire styles

    What is a democratic leadership style?

    Show the answer
    A democratic leader shares decisions with the group and values members' views. A democratic leader is person-oriented.

Component 2

The Emergence of Modern Sport

56 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Popular recreation in pre-industrial Britain

    Why were pre-industrial games often local?

    Show the answer
    Transport was poor, so people rarely travelled far from home. Each village developed its own version of a game.

  2. Popular recreation in pre-industrial Britain

    Why were animal blood sports popular in pre-industrial Britain?

    Show the answer
    Cock fighting and bull baiting offered excitement and a chance to gamble. Life was harsh, and cruelty to animals was widely accepted.

  3. The Industrial Revolution and recreation

    How did the Factory Acts affect recreation?

    Show the answer
    The Factory Acts reduced working hours for many workers. The Saturday half-day gave workers time to play and watch sport.

Component 2

Equality, Diversity and Migration in Sport

36 questions in the guide, across 3 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Corporate and geographically based teams

    What are the advantages of corporate teams for a sport?

    Show the answer
    Corporate teams bring money, professional management and global exposure. Performers can earn more.

  2. Corporate and geographically based teams

    How do franchise leagues differ from traditional leagues?

    Show the answer
    Franchise teams are owned licences placed in chosen cities, often with no relegation. Traditional leagues use promotion and relegation between local clubs.

  3. Disability sport and opportunities for women

    What barriers to sport still face many disabled people?

    Show the answer
    Many facilities and transport links are not fully accessible. Specialist coaching and equipment can also be scarce and expensive.

Component 2

The Globalisation of Sport

48 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. What globalisation means for sport

    How does globalisation benefit sport?

    Show the answer
    Globalisation brings new audiences, money and players to a sport. Performers can become global stars.

  2. What globalisation means for sport

    How has globalisation changed where fixtures are played?

    Show the answer
    Leagues now stage matches abroad to reach new fans. The NFL has played regular-season games in London since 2007.

  3. Colonial diffusion of sport across the British Empire

    How did education spread sport across the Empire?

    Show the answer
    Teachers from the public schools introduced games in colonial schools. Schools passed on the games ethic alongside the sports.

Component 2

The Commercialisation of Sport

46 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Commercialisation and sport as a commodity

    What is sponsorship in sport?

    Show the answer
    Sponsorship is a business giving money, goods or services to a performer, team or event. The sponsor gains publicity and links its brand to success.

  2. Commercialisation and sport as a commodity

    Why do businesses sponsor successful teams and performers?

    Show the answer
    A successful team's positive image transfers to the sponsor's brand. The link raises brand awareness and sales.

  3. Broken time, spectatorism and the media

    What is meant by spectatorism?

    Show the answer
    Spectatorism is the growth of large paying crowds watching sport. Gate money from crowds made sport a commercial business.

Component 2

Ethics and Deviance in Sport

48 questions in the guide, across 4 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Ethics, sportsmanship and gamesmanship

    What pressures can lead performers to behave in a deviant way?

    Show the answer
    Performers face pressure from coaches, sponsors, fans and the rewards of winning. The fear of failure can push them to cheat.

  2. Ethics, sportsmanship and gamesmanship

    What is the Lombardian ethic?

    Show the answer
    The Lombardian ethic is the belief that winning is everything. The ethic is named after the American football coach Vince Lombardi.

  3. Performance-enhancing drugs from early use to today

    What is blood doping?

    Show the answer
    Blood doping is raising the number of red blood cells to carry more oxygen. A performer's own or a donor's blood is transfused before competition.

Component 2

Sport and the Media

36 questions in the guide, across 3 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. The two-way relationship between sport and the media

    When did radio sports commentary begin in Britain?

    Show the answer
    BBC radio broadcast its first live sports commentary in 1927. The first was a rugby union international at Twickenham.

  2. The two-way relationship between sport and the media

    How can the media reinforce stereotypes in sport?

    Show the answer
    Coverage can focus on female athletes' looks rather than their performance. Stereotyped coverage shapes public attitudes.

  3. Live and social media coverage

    How can social media benefit supporters?

    Show the answer
    Supporters get instant news, highlights and behind-the-scenes content. Fans can interact with performers and each other.

Component 2

Talent Identification and Elite Development

50 questions in the guide, across 3 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Talent identification programmes in the UK

    Which Olympic champion was found through Sporting Giants?

    Show the answer
    Helen Glover was found through Sporting Giants. Helen Glover won gold in the women's pair at London 2012.

  2. Talent identification programmes in the UK

    Why is talent identification harder in team sports than in rowing?

    Show the answer
    Team sports rely on decision-making, tactical awareness and skill, which are hard to test. Rowing performance is predicted well by physiology and body size.

  3. The pathway from novice to elite performer

    What is an Athlete Performance Award?

    Show the answer
    An Athlete Performance Award is a National Lottery grant paid to athletes on the World Class Programme. The award helps meet living and sporting costs so athletes can train full time.

Component 2

Participation and the Health of the Nation

37 questions in the guide, across 3 subtopics. More from this topic

  1. Barriers to participation and the benefits of mass participation

    How can gender stereotypes be a barrier to participation?

    Show the answer
    Stereotypes can suggest some sports are not for women or men. Fear of judgement discourages some people from taking part.

  2. Barriers to participation and the benefits of mass participation

    How can mass participation benefit elite sport?

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    A larger base of participants provides a bigger pool of talent. More people take part, so more potential champions are found.

  3. Mass participation initiatives in the UK

    What is parkrun?

    Show the answer
    Parkrun is a free, weekly, timed five-kilometre event held in parks. Parkrun began in 2004 at Bushy Park in London.

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